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INTRODUCTION xxvii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING THE PROGRAMMING C# CERTIFICATION 1 Getting Certified 1 Why Get Certified? 2 What Is MS Certification? 4 Certification Changes 5 The Initial Certifications (Version One) 5 A New Generation of Certifications (Version 2) 6 The Current Microsoft Certifications (Version 3) 6 Other Microsoft Certifications: The MTA 7 Things to Know About the Test 8 How the Test Is Created 8 How Questions Are Written 9 How to Study for the Exam Using This Book 11 Prep Guide 11 Functional Groups 11 Practice Questions 12 Preparation 12 The 70-483 Objectives 12 Manage Program Flow (25 Percent) 12 Implement Multithreading and Asynchronous Processing 13 Manage Multithreading 13 Implement Program Flow 13 Create and Implement Events and Callbacks 13 Implement Exception Handling 13 Create and Use Types (24 Percent) 13 Create Types 13 Consume Types 14 Enforce Encapsulation 14 Create and Implement a Class Hierarchy 14 Find, Execute, and Create Types at Runtime Using Reflection 14 Manage the Object Life Cycle 14 Manipulate Strings 14 Debug Applications and Implement Security (25 Percent) 14 Validate Application Input 15 Perform Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption 15 Manage Assemblies 15 Debug an Application 15 Implement Diagnostics in an Application 15 Implement Data Access (26 Percent) 15 Perform I/O Operations 15 Consume Data 16 Query and Manipulate Data and Objects by Using LINQ 16 Serialize and Deserialize Data 16 Store Data in and Retrieve Data from Collections 16 Summary 16 Additional Reading and Resources 17
CHAPTER 2: BASIC PROGRAM STRUCTURE 19 Writing Your First Program 20 Exploring the Structure of the Program 21 Understanding Simple Statements 21 Understanding Complex Statements 23 Controlling Program Flow 24 Conditional Instructions 25 Boolean Expressions 28 Making Decisions in Code 29 if Statements 30 Beyond Basic if Statements 35 switch statements 36 Using Loops 38 for statements 39 Nested for Loops 42 foreach statements 43 while statements 45 do-while statements 46 Summary 51 Test Questions 51 Additional Reading and Resources 53 Cheat Sheet 54 Review of Key Terms 56
CHAPTER 3: WORKING WITH THE TYPE SYSTEM 59 Creating Value Types 61 Understanding Predefi ned Value Types 61 Working with Data Structures 66 Working with Enumerations 72 Creating Reference Types 76 Understanding Modifiers 77 Defining Fields 79 Using Constructors 81 Defining Methods 82 Overloaded Methods 88 Abstract and Overridden Methods 90 Extension Methods 92 Optional and Named Parameters 94 Understanding Encapsulation 95 Properties 96 Enforced Encapsulation by Using Properties 97 Indexed Properties 101 Understanding Generic Types and Generic Methods 102 Defining Generic Types 103 Using Generic Types 103 Defining Generic Methods 103 Using Generic Methods 104 Summary 105
Chapter Test Questions 106 Additional Reading and Resources 108 Cheat Sheet 109 Review of Key Terms 111
CHAPTER 4: USING TYPES 113 Converting Between Types 114 Using Widening and Narrowing Conversions 114 Using Implicit and Explicit Conversions 116 Casting 117 The is Operator 118 The as Operator 118 Casting Arrays 119 Converting Values 122 Parsing Methods 122 System.Convert 127 System.BitConverter 128 Boxing and Unboxing Value Types 128 Ensuring Interoperability with Unmanaged Code 130 Handling Dynamic Types 133 Manipulating Strings 137 Behind the Strings 138 String Constructors 138 String Fields and Properties 139 String Methods 140 Additional String Classes 144 StringBuilder 145 StringWriter 147 StringReader 147 Formatting Values 149 ToString 150 String.Format 150 Formatting Strings 151 Summary 153 Test Questions 154 Additional Reading and Resources 156 Cheat Sheet 157 Review of Key Terms 158
CHAPTER 5: CREATING AND IMPLEMENTING CLASS HIERARCHIES 161 Inheriting from a Base Class 162 Calling Parent Class Constructors 164 Calling Same Class Constructors 165 Designing and Implementing Interfaces 171 Defining Interfaces 173 Implementing Interfaces 174 Delegating Interfaces 175 Implementing Common Interfaces 176 IComparable 177 IComparer 179 IEquatable 182 ICloneable 183 IEnumerable 185 Managing Object Life Cycle 190 Implementing the IDisposable Interface 190 Providing Destructors 191 Using the using Statement 197 Summary 199 Test Questions 199 Additional Reading and Resources 202 Cheat Sheet 203 Review of Key Terms 205
CHAPTER 6: WORKING WITH DELEGATES, EVENTS, AND EXCEPTIONS 207 Working with Delegates 208 Delegates 208 Delegate Details 211 Static and Instance Methods 212 Covariance and Contravariance 214 Built-in Delegate Types 215 Action Delegates 216 Func Delegates 216 Anonymous Methods 217 Lambda Expressions 218 Expression Lambdas 218 Statement Lambdas 221 Async Lambdas 222 Working with Events 223 Publishing Events 224 Predefi ned Event Types 225 Event Best Practices 225 Event Inheritance 227 Subscribing and Unsubscribing to Events 230 Using Code to Subscribe to an Event 230 Using Designer to Subscribe to an Event 231 Exception Handling 234 Error Checking and Exception Handling 234 try-catch-fi nally Blocks 235 Unhandled Exceptions 238 Common Exception Types 240 SQL Exceptions 242 Overfl ow Exceptions 244 Exception Properties 246 Throwing and Rethrowing Exceptions 248 Using Exceptions and Return Values 248 Catching, Throwing, and Rethrowing Exceptions 249 Creating Custom Exceptions 251 Making Assertions 252 Summary 253
Chapter Test Questions 253 Additional Reading and Resources 258 Cheat Sheet 259 Review of Key Terms 262
CHAPTER 7: MULTITHREADING AND ASYNCHRONOUS PROCESSING 265 Creating Responsive Applications 266 Working with Threads 267 Spawning New Threads by Using ThreadPool 273 Unblocking the UI 276 BackgroundWorker Class 276 Multithreaded Windows Forms Applications 279 Multithreaded WPF Applications 280 Working with the Task Parallel Library 281 Introducing Task 282 Creating Tasks 284 Working with the Scheduler 288 Using the Parallel Class 288 Working with Continuations 291 Programming Asynchronous Applications with C#
5.0 293 Exploring Advanced Multithreading Programming Topics 297 Synchronizing Resources 298 Synchronization Events 298 Barriers 302 Using Locking Mechanisms 304 Monitors 305 Lock-Free Alternatives 306 Working with Concurrent Collections 308 Working with Cancellations 309 Summary 311
Chapter Test Questions 312 Additional Reading and Resources 314 Cheat Sheet 315 Review of Key Terms 316
CHAPTER 8: CREATING AND USING TYPES WITH REFLECTION, CUSTOM ATTRIBUTES, THE CODEDOM, AND LAMBDA EXPRESSIONS 319 Using the System.Reflection Namespace 320 Assembly Class 321 The System.Type Class 325 GetArrayRank 328 GetConstructors 328 GetEnumName, GetEnumNames, and GetEnumValues 329 GetField and GetFields 330 GetProperty and GetProperties 332 GetMethod and GetMethods 332 Read and Create Custom Attributes 335 Read Attributes 335 Create Attributes 337 Generate Code Using the CodeDOM Namespace 340 CodeCompileUnit 344 CodeNamespace and CodeNamespaceImport 344 CodeTypeDeclaration 345 CodeMemberField 345 CodeMemberProperty 345 CodeMemberMethod 347 CodeParameterDeclarationExpression and CodeMethodInvokeExpression 348 CodeDOMProvider 348 Lambda Expressions 349 Delegates 349 Anonymous Methods 351 Lambda Expressions 351 Summary 352
Chapter Test Questions 353 Additional Reading and Resources 357 Cheat Sheet 358 Review of Key Terms 359
CHAPTER 9: WORKING WITH DATA 361 Working with Data Collections 362 Arrays 362 Collections 365 System.Collections 365 System.Collections.Generic 371 Custom Collections 374 Consuming Data 377 Working with ADO.NET 377 Connection 377 Command 379 DataSet, DataTable, and DataAdapter 384 Working with the ADO.NET Entity Framework 388 Create an Entity Framework Model 388 Select Records 391 Insert Records 392 Update Records 393 Delete Records 393 Call a Stored Procedure 393 Creating WCF Data Services 394 Create a WCF Data Service 395 Create a Client Application That Uses WCF Data Services 400 Request Data as JSON in a Client Application 403 Performing I/O Operations 404