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Foreword by Duncan Epping xvii Introduction xix
Chapter 1 * Software-Defined Storage Design 1 Software-Defined Compute 2 Software-Defined Networking 2 Software-Defined Storage 3 Designing VMware Storage Environments 4 Technical Assessment and Requirements Gathering 5 Establishing Storage Design Factors 6 The Economics of Storage 10 Calculating the Total Cost of Ownership for Storage Resources 11 Information Lifecycle Management 13 Implementing a Software-Defined Storage Strategy 15 Software-Defined Storage Summary 16 Hyper-Converged Infrastructure and Virtual SAN 18 Virtual Volumes 18 Classic and Next-Generation Storage Models 19
Chapter 2 * Classic Storage Models and Constructs 21 Classic Storage Concepts 21 RAID Sets 25 Virtual Provisioning 44 Storage Tiering 49 Storage Scalability Design 54 Storage Management Tools 57 Multitenanted Storage Design 58 Quality of Service 59 Data Deduplication and Data Compression 60 Storage Device Security 61 Hardware High Availability 61 Storage Array-Based Disaster Recovery and Backups 62 Storage Array Snapshots and Clones in a Classic Storage Environment 63 vSphere Metro Storage Cluster 65 All-Flash Disk Arrays 65 vSphere Storage Technologies 67 Virtual Disks 68 Virtual Machine Storage Controllers (vSCSI Adapters) 71 Datastore 73 Raw Device Mapping 79 When to Use RDMs over VMFS or NFS? 81 Storage vMotion and Enhanced vMotion Operations 81 Datastore Clusters 82 Storage Distributed Resource Scheduler 83 Storage I/O Control 85 Classic Storage Model--vStorage APIs for Array Integration 89 Classic Storage Model--VASA
1.0 90 VADP and VAMP 91 Boot from SAN 92 Classic Storage Model--vSphere Storage Policies 94 Tiered Storage Design Models in vSphere 95 Sub-LUN System Access 98
Chapter 3 * Fabric Connectivity and Storage I/O Architecture 101 Fibre Channel SAN 102 Fibre Channel Protocol 102 Fibre Channel Topologies 115 Switch-Based Fabric Architecture 117 Security and Traffic-Isolation Features 125 N_Port Virtualization and N_Port ID Virtualization 131 Boot from SAN 132 Fibre Channel Summary 132 iSCSI Storage Transport Protocol 135 iSCSI Protocol Components 135 iSCSI Traffic Isolation 137 Jumbo Frames 138 iSCSI Device-Naming Standards 138 CHAP Security 139 iSCSI Network Adapters 140 Virtual Switch Design 143 iSCSI Boot from SAN 148 iSCSI Protocol Summary 148 NFS Storage Transport Protocol 149 Comparing NAS and SAN 149 NFS Components 149 NAS Implementation 152 Single Virtual Switch / Single Network Design 157 Single Virtual Switch / Multiple Network Design 159 vSphere 6 NFS Version
4.1 Limitations 161 NFS Protocol Summary 161 Fibre Channel over Ethernet Protocol 161 Fibre Channel over Ethernet Protocol 163 Fibre Channel over Ethernet Physical Components 165 Fibre Channel over Ethernet Infrastructure 167 Fibre Channel over Ethernet Design Options 167 Fibre Channel over Ethernet Protocol Summary 170 Multipathing Module 170 Pluggable Storage Architecture 174 iSCSI Multipathing 177 NAS Multipathing 178 Direct-Attached Storage 180 Evaluating Switch Design Characteristics 182 Fabric Connectivity and Storage I/O Architecture Summary 184
Chapter 4 * Policy-Driven Storage Design with Virtual SAN 187 Challenges with Legacy Storage 187 Policy-Driven Storage Overview 190 VMware Object Storage Overview 191 Virtual SAN Overview 192 Virtual SAN Architecture 194 Virtual SAN Disk Groups 194 Comparing Virtual SAN Hybrid and All-Flash Models 200 All-Flash Deduplication and Compression 202 Data Locality and Caching Algorithms 205 Virtual SAN Destaging Mechanism 206 Virtual SAN Distributed Datastore 206 Objects, Components, and Witnesses 207 On-Disk Formats 212 Swap Efficiency / Sparse Swap 214 Software Checksum 215 Virtual SAN Design Requirements 216 Host Form Factor 216 Host Boot Architecture 217 Virtual SAN Hardware Requirements 222 Virtual SAN Network Fabric Design 236 vSphere Network Requirements 236 Physical Network Requirements 240 Virtual SAN Storage Policy Design250 Storage Policy-Based Management Framework 250 Virtual SAN Rules 251 Virtual SAN Rule Sets 253 Default Storage Policy 267 Application Assessment and Storage-Policy Design 268 Virtual SAN Datastore Design and Sizing 271 Hosts per Cluster 273 Storage Capabilities 275 Configuring Multiple Disk Groups 276 Endurance Flash Sizing 278 Objects, Components, and Witness Sizing 279 Datastore Capacity Disk Sizing 281 Capacity Disk Size 282 Designing for Availability 287 Designing for Hardware Component Failure 289 Host Cluster Design and Planning for Host Failure 292 Quorum Logic Design and vSphere High Availability 302 Fault Domains 302 Virtual SAN Internal Component Technologies 308 Reliable Datagram Transport 308 Cluster Monitoring, Membership, and Directory Services 308 Cluster-Level Object Manager 310 Distributed Object Manager 310 Local Log-Structured Object Manager 310 Object Storage File System 311 Storage Policy-Based Management 312 Virtual SAN Integration and Interoperability 312
Chapter 5 * Virtual SAN Stretched Cluster Design 315 Stretched Cluster Use Cases 317 Fault Domain Architecture 318 Witness Appliance 318 Network Design Requirements 320 Distance and Latency Considerations 322 Bandwidth Requirements Calculations 325 Stretched Cluster Deployment Scenarios 327 Default Gateway and Static Routes 327 Stretched Cluster Storage Policy Design 327 Preferred and Nonpreferred Site Concepts 329 Stretched Cluster Read/Write Locality 329 Distributed Resource Scheduler Configurations 332 High Availability Configuration 335 Stretched Cluster WAN Interconnect Design 339 Evaluating WAN Platforms for Stretched Clusters 339 Deploying Stretched VLANs 347 WAN Interconnect High Availability 353 Secure Communication 353 Data Center Interconnect Design Considerations Summary 354 Stretched Cluster Solution Architecture Example 356 Cisco vPC over DWDM and Dark Fiber 358 OTV over DWDM and Dark Fiber 360 Cisco LISP Configuration Overview 363 Stretched Cluster Failure Scenarios 363 Stretched Cluster Interoperability 365 Support Limitations 365
Chapter 6 * Designing for Web-Scale Virtual SAN Platforms 367 Scale-up Architecture 368 Scale-out Architecture 370 Designing vSphere Host Clusters for Web-Scale 372 Building-Block Clusters and Scale-out Web-Scale Architecture 372 Scalability and Designing Physical Resources for Web-Scale 373 Leaf-Spine Web-Scale Architecture 377
Chapter 7 * Virtual SAN Use Case Library 381 Use Cases Overview 383 Two-Node Remote Office / Branch Office Design 386 Horizon and Virtual Desktop Infrastructure 392 Virtual SAN File Services 395 Solution Architecture Example: Building a Cloud Management Platform with Virtual SAN 395 Introduction and Conceptual Design 395 Customer Design Requirements and Constraints 398 Cluster Configuration 404 Network-Layer Design 408 Storage-Layer Design 412 Cloud Management Platform Security Design 423
Chapter 8 * Policy-Driven Storage Design with Virtual Volumes 429 Introduction to Virtual Volumes Technology 430 Virtual Volumes Component Technology Architecture 434 Virtual Volumes Object Architecture 434 Management Plane 436 VASA
2.0 Specification 436 VASA Provider 436 Data Plane 437 Storage Container 437 Protocol Endpoints 440 Binding Operations 442 Storage Policy-Based Management with Virtual Volumes 444 Published Capabilities 446 Storage Capabilities 448 Storage Capabilities Summary 449 Benefits of Designing for Virtual Volumes 449 Enhanced Performance 450 Greater Application Control 450 Operational Simplification 450 Reduced Wasted Capacity 450 Virtual Volumes Key Design Requirements 450 vSphere Storage Feature Interoperability 451 VAAI and Virtual Volumes 451 Virtual Volumes Summary 451
Chapter 9 * Delivering a Storage-as-a-Service Design 453 STaaS Service Definition 457 Cloud Platforms Overview 458 Cloud Management Platform Architectural Overview 461 vRealize Automation Cloud Management Platform 461 vRealize Orchestrator 465 The Combined Solution Stack 468 Workflow Examples 468 Summary 472
Chapter 10 * Monitoring and Storage Operations Design 473 Storage Monitoring 473 Monitoring Component Health 474 Monitoring Capacity 474 Monitoring Storage Performance 475 Monitoring Security 476 Storage Component Monitoring 477 Monitoring Storage on Host Servers 477 Monitoring the Storage Fabric 477 Monitoring a Storage Array System 480 Storage Monitoring Challenges 481<