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INTRODUCTORY CRIMINOLOGY The Study of Risky Situations DETAILED CONTENTS Dedication Table of Contents Detailed Contents List of Figures, Tables, and Boxes Our Teaching Framework Acknowledgments
Getting Started Criminality, crime and criminology Why we have theory Zeroing in on risky situations Mixing the good and the bad "Deviance" and risky situations Risky public places Moving forward Key Terms and Names Endnotes

Part 1. The Crime Challenge Questions Addressed in

Part 1 Endnotes
Unit 1.
1 The Need to Control Disputes Dispute escalation Strangers, streets and disputes Rudeness and crime on the job Rudeness and neighborhood crime Key Terms and Names in
Unit 1.
1 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 1.
2 Containing Sexual Temptations Sexual taboos Conflict between rules and realities Sexual license and tolerance Sexual harassment Key Terms and Names in
Unit 1.
2 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 1.
3 Protecting Property Informal processes to resolve property issues Contracts and conflicts Registrations and licenses assign criminal responsibility Insurance takes some pressure off of the police The shadow of the law Key Terms and Names in
Unit 1.
3 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 1.
4 Safeguarding Children Mistreatment by other youths Abuse by adults Youths mistreating the rest of society Adolescent substance abuse Truancy Other status offenses The 80-20 rule Key Terms and Names in
Unit 1.
4 Discussion Questions Endnotes Perspective on

Part 1 Main Points of

Part 1 Endnotes

Part 2. Four Types of Crime Control Key Terms and Names in Introducing

Part 2 Questions Addressed in

Part 2 Endnotes
Unit 2.
1 Personal Controls Before Birth Genetic factors Psychopaths Early Childhood Moral teachings Resisting temptations The marshmallow experiment A general theory of self-control Pleasure now, harm later Self-control is work Variability in self-control Key Terms and Names in
Unit 2.
1 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 2.
2 Social Controls Temptations vs. bonding Teenagers in Japan vs. the Unites States American parents also try to guide teenage situations Routine activities The crime triangle Key Terms and Names in
Unit 2.
2 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 2.
3 Situational Controls Some interesting examples Drinking on campus The situational crime prevention strategy The displacement hypothesis Key Terms and Names in
Unit 2.
3 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 2.
4 Formal Controls Multiple steps System complexities in the United States Summarizing principles of formal criminal justice What the public expects De minimis Procedural justice Key terms and Names in
Unit 2.
4 Discussion Questions Endnotes Perspective on

Part 2 Mains Points of

Part 2

Part 3. Realistic Justice Key Terms and Names in Introducing

Part 3 Questions Addressed in

Part 3 Endnotes
Unit 3.
1 Assigning Responsibility Sorting out accidental harm A criminal state of mind Juvenile justice tries another approach Key Terms and Names in
Unit 3.
1 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 3.
2 Realistic Policing Authority and control Police use of force Ordinary police work The decision to arrest Reactions to police-citizen encounters Procedural justice and the police Service vs. crime reduction Directed patrol and hot-spot policing Do police reduce crime, or merely displace it? Problem-oriented policing Efforts to avoid arresting people Key Terms and Names in
Unit 3.
2 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 3.
3 Realistic Court Activity Delay in court Plea bargaining Helpful organizations Marrying organization with the justice system Wrongful convictions Key Terms and Names in
Unit 3.
3 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 3.
4 Realistic Sanctions Theory of punishment Reality of punishment Targeted deterrence The overly-rational offender Moral panics and the swinging pendulum Key Terms and Names in
Unit 3.
4 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 3.
5 Efforts and Realities Jails and prisons in America Staying in the community Something short of prison Too much of a good thing? Evaluating program effectiveness Reasonable expectations Different focus in the community Key Terms and Names
Unit 3.
5 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 3.
6 Practical Crime Data Police and justice system data Victim surveys Self-report surveys Medical data Business data Future crime data: cybercrime, fraud and credit-card abuse Key Terms and Names
Unit 3.
6 Discussion Questions Endnotes Perspective on

Part 3 Key Terms and Names in Perspective Main Points of

Part 3 Endnotes

Part 4. Risky Ages Introducing the age-crime curve Key Terms and Names in Introducing

Part 4 Questions Addressed in

Part 4 Endnotes
Unit 4.
1 The Teenage Brain Uneven brain development Sociability, coolness and sex Known risks vs. unknown risks Key Terms and Names in
Unit 4.
1 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 4.
2 Teenage Volatility Four convenient categories The zigzags of adolescence The smooth age-crime curve is just a summary Key Terms and Names in
Unit 4.
2 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 4.
3 Peer Influences Cumulative peer effects Research disappointments Context-specific socialization and behavior Key Terms and Names in
Unit 4.
3 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 4.
4 Situational Inducements Situational inducement theory Techniques of neutralization Aggressive peer pressure Overcoming moral inhibitions Diversity of substance abuse behaviors Linking social learning to situational inducements Key Terms and Names in
Unit 4.
4 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 4.
5 Time with Peers Teenage time-use changes from the early 1900s to the 1980s Further teenage evasion of parental controls Calculating time at risk Delinquency and "hanging out" School effects on the timing of delinquency From "ordinary" delinquency to something worse Key Terms and Names in
Unit 4.
5 Discussion Questions Endnotes Perspective on

Part 4 Main Points of

Part 4

Part 5. Overt Crime Areas Key Terms and Names in Introducing

Part 5 Questions Addressed in

Part 5
Unit 5.
1 Tough Neighborhoods Disorganized places Open-air drug markets Outdoor drug sales produce more violence Outdoor drug sales produce more arrests Fear and public disorder The effect of abandoned buildings Chronic street nuisances Key Terms and Names in
Unit 5.
1 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 5.
2 Cohesion Vs. Intimidation Trying to strengthen neighborhoods Intimidation Selective trust Inability to watch the street Urban villages Key Terms and Names in
Unit 5.
2 Discussion Questions Endnotes
Unit 5.
3 Exclusion Exclusion and the housing market Exclusionary zoning Gates and roadblocks Excluding transients and homeless people Nimbyism Ethnic heterogeneity impairing neighborhood action Key Terms and Names in
Unit 5.
3 Discussion Questions Bibliography for Box 5a Endnotes
Unit 5.
4 Concentration The Danish experiment The Yonkers experiment Public housing de-concentration A negative experiment Transience and crime Concentrated disadvantage in perspective The elevated age-violence curve<