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Preface Author The Concept
. Principles of Retracement Conditions for the Rule to Apply Title Issues. Definitions When There Is Ambiguity? The Void Instrument Corners, Lines, and Surveys. Types of Corners and Their Definitions Types of Lines True Line Types of Surveys Other Categories of Survey What If There Are No Actual "Footsteps?" Early Curt Decision Not limited to Public Land Survey States Early Guidance in Textbook Protracted Boundaries. Definition Protraction outside the PLSS What to Do about Protracted Lines Types of Protractions Lines from Other Surveys The Unmarked Line Guidance Protraction in the PLSS Additional Footsteps Which Set of Footsteps Is Which? Wrong Set of Footsteps Who Left the Footsteps? Learning from Field Notes Admissibility of Field Notes Discrepancy between Field Notes and Plat Passing Calls Principles Concerning Field Notes Misleading Evidence in Field Notes Ambiguity in the Field Notes Figures, Numbers, and Symbols. Types of Survey Problems with Directions By the Needle Definition of Course Which Meridian Type of Compass Used Declination Impact on Successful Corner Location Local Attraction Directions Given in Reverse Order Problems with Distances Actual Survey versus Paper Survey Problems with Mathematics Resolving/Reconciling Errors. Land Surveying as an Art Errors in Measurements Errors Discrepancies Errors of Closure Random Errors Index Errors Personal Errors Natural Errors Systematic Errors Accidental Errors Computational Errors Mistakes Total Error Reliability Lower Precision Surveys Measure of Precision Errors in the Collection of Data Errors in Reporting Data Words from the Courts Summary of the View by the Courts on the Subject of Surveys and Their Errors The Early Surveys in Hawaii Course and Distance in Perspective Recognizing What Was Left Behind. Evidence Tree Names Blazed Tree Witness Trees Scribe Marks Tree Rings Wooden Posts Wooden Stakes and Their Remains Stake and Stones Pits and Mounds Other Witnesses Bearing Trees and Bearing Objects Memorials Mounds of Stone Pits Accessories to Special-Purpose Monuments Boundary Agreements. Statute Law in New Hampshire Adverse Possession Acquiescence Establishment of Boundary by Acquiescence Estoppel Parol Agreement Effect of Statute of Frauds Necessity for Uncertainty or Dispute as to Location of Boundary Agreement upon a Definite Line Practical Location of Boundary Statute of Frauds Not Meeting the Basic Requirement Consentable Lines Conditional Lines Recognition and Acquiescence Proper Procedure. Procedure. Government Procedure, Manual of Surveying Instructions. The Ideal Line. The Lost Corner. What If the Corner Is Truly Gone? Procedure Parol Evidence and Reputation Newly Discovered Evidence Not Getting It Right Only Invites Future Problems. Nonfederal Rectangular Surveys. Beginnings in the New World Division by Half Division by Area Idiosyncrasies within the System Bounding Descriptions Proprietors'' Records Other States Kentucky: The Jackson Purchase Tennessee Surveyors Districts The French System of Longlots Louisiana Texas Longlots in Other Areas Lottings in Georgia Military Grants Special Grants In Summary Resolving Overlapping Grants. Seniority of Title Recent Decisions Opinion Forensic Applications. Definition The Value of Historical Knowledge and Research The Value of a Complete and Thorough Investigation Modern Tools What Forensic Science Can Do Outside of the Criminal Environment References Appendix
1: List of Significant Cases on Following Footsteps, by State Appendix
2: Lost Corners, by State Final Thoughts Table of Authorities