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Preface General Considerations Introduction Atomization Atomizers Factors Influencing Atomization Spray Characteristics Applications Glossary References Basic Processes in Atomization Introduction Static Drop Formation Breakup of Drops Disintegration of Liquid Jets Disintegration of Liquid Sheets Summary Nomenclature References Drop Size Distributions of Sprays Introduction Graphical Representation of Drop Size Distributions Mathematical Distribution Functions Empirical Distribution Functions Mean Diameters Representative Diameters Drop Size Dispersion Concluding Remarks Nomenclature References Atomizers Introduction Atomizer Requirements Pressure Atomizers Rotary Atomizers Air-Assist Atomizers Airblast Atomizers Effervescent Atomizers Electrostatic Atomizers Ultrasonic Atomizers Whistle Atomizers References Flow in Atomizers Introduction Flow Number Plain-Orifice Atomizer Pressure-Swirl Atomizer Rotary Atomizer Airblast Atomizer Nomenclature References Atomizer Performance Introduction Plain-Orifice Atomizer Pressure-Swirl Atomizers Rotary Atomizers Air-Assist Atomizers Airblast Atomizers Effervescent Atomizer Electrostatic Atomizers Ultrasonic Atomizers Nomenclature References External Spray Characteristics Introduction Spray Properties Penetration Spray Cone Angle Circumferential Liquid Distribution Airblast Atomizers Drop Drag Coefficients Nomenclature References Drop Evaporation Introduction Steady-State Evaporation Unsteady-State Analysis Drop Lifetime Convective Effects on Evaporation Calculation of Effective Evaporation Constant Influence of Evaporation on Drop Size Distribution Drop Burning Multicomponent Fuel Drops Nomenclature References Spray Size and Patternation Methods Introduction Factors Influencing Drop Size Measurement Mechanical Methods Electrical Methods Optical Methods Concluding Remarks References Author Index Subject Index