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Fuel Cells: Data, Facts, and Figures Vital Source e-bog
Detlef Stolten, Remzi C. Samsun og Nancy Garland
(2016)
John Wiley & Sons
1.763,00 kr.
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Fuel Cells
Data, Facts, and Figures
Detlef Stolten, Remzi C. Samsun og Nancy Garland
(2016)
Sprog: Engelsk
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
1.814,00 kr.
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Detaljer om varen
- 1. Udgave
- Vital Source searchable e-book (Reflowable pages)
- Udgiver: John Wiley & Sons (Januar 2016)
- Forfattere: Detlef Stolten, Remzi C. Samsun og Nancy Garland
- ISBN: 9783527693917
This ready reference is unique in collating in one scientifically precise and comprehensive handbook the widespread data on what is feasible and realistic in modern fuel cell technology. Edited by one of the leading scientists in this exciting area, the short, uniformly written chapters provide economic data for cost considerations and a full overview of demonstration data, covering such topics as fuel cells for transportation, fuel provision, codes and standards. The result is highly reliable facts and figures for engineers, researchers and decision makers working in the field of fuel cells.
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Bookshelf online: 5 år fra købsdato.
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Detaljer om varen
- Hardback: 408 sider
- Udgiver: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated (Maj 2016)
- Forfattere: Detlef Stolten, Remzi C. Samsun og Nancy Garland
- ISBN: 9783527332403
This ready reference is unique in collating in one scientifically precise and comprehensive handbook the widespread data on what is feasible and realistic in modern fuel cell technology.
Edited by one of the leading scientists in this exciting area, the short, uniformly written chapters provide economic data for cost considerations and a full overview of demonstration data, covering such topics as fuel cells for transportation, fuel provision, codes and standards.
The result is highly reliable facts and figures for engineers, researchers and decision makers working in the field of fuel cells.
Preface XV
Part I Transportation 1 I-1 Propulsion 1 I-1.1 Benchmarks and Definition of Criteria 1 1 Battery Electric Vehicles 3 Bruno Gnörich and Lutz Eckstein References 11 2 Passenger Car Drive Cycles 12 Thomas Grube
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Drive Cycles for Passenger Car Type Approval 13
2.3 Drive Cycles from Research Projects 14
2.4 Drive Cycle Characteristics 14
2.5 Graphic Representation of Selected Drive Cycles 16
2.6 Conclusion 21 References 21 3 Hydrogen Fuel Quality 22 James M. Ohi
3.1 Introduction 22
3.2 Hydrogen Fuel 23
3.3 Fuel Quality Effects 25
3.4 Fuel Quality for Fuel Cell Vehicles 25
3.5 Single Cell Tests 26
3.6 Field Data 26
3.7 Fuel Quality Verification 27
3.8 Conclusion 28 References 29 4 Fuel Consumption 30 Amgad Elgowainy and Erika Sutherland
4.1 Introduction 30
4.2 Hydrogen Production 31
4.3 Hydrogen Packaging 31
4.4 Hydrogen Consumption in FCEVs 32
4.5 Conclusion 34 References 34 I-1.2 Demonstration 37 I-1.2.1 Passenger Cars 37 5 Global Development Status of Fuel Cell Vehicles 39 Remzi Can Samsun
5.1 Introduction 39
5.2 Update on Recent Activities of Car Manufacturers 40
5.3 Key Data and Results from Demonstration Programs 41
5.4 Technical Data of Fuel Cell Vehicles 47
5.4.1 Daimler 47
5.4.2 Ford 47
5.4.3 GM/Opel 50
5.4.4 Honda 51
5.4.5 Hyundai/Kia 51
5.4.6 Nissan 52
5.4.7 Toyota 53
5.4.8 Volkswagen 55
5.5 Conclusions 57 References 58 6 Transportation - China - Passenger Cars 61 Yingru Zhao
6.1 Introduction 61
6.2 National R&D Strategy (2011-2015) 62
6.3 Government Policy 63
6.4 Published Technical Standards 63
6.5 Demonstrations 65
6.6 Commercialization - Case of SAIC Motor 67
6.7 Conclusions 67 References 68 7 Results of Country Specific Program - Korea 69 Tae-Hoon Lim
7.1 Introduction 69
7.2 FCV Demonstration Program 70 VI Contents
7.2.1 The 1st Phase of the FCV Demonstration Project 70
7.2.2 The 2nd Phase of the FCV Demonstration Project 70
7.3 Summary 72 8 GM HydroGen4 - A Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle based on the Chevrolet Equinox 75 Ulrich Eberle and Rittmar von Helmolt
8.1 Introduction 75
8.2 Technology 76
8.3 Conclusions 84 Acknowledgments 85 References 86 I-1.2.2 Buses 87 9 Results of Country Specific Programs - USA 89 Leslie Eudy
9.1 Introduction 89
9.2 FCEB Descriptions 90
9.3 SunLine Advanced Technology Fuel Cell Electric Bus 90
9.3.1 Fuel Economy 91
9.3.2 Availability 92
9.4 Zero Emission Bay Area Program 92
9.4.1 Fuel Economy 94
9.4.2 Availability 94
9.5 SunLine American Fuel Cell Bus 95
9.5.1 Fuel Economy 96
9.5.2 Availability 97
9.6 Conclusion 98 References 98 I-1.3 PEM fuel cells 99 10 Polymer Electrolytes 101 John Kopasz and Cortney Mittelsteadt
10.1 Introduction 101
10.2 Membrane Properties 102
10.2.1 Water uptake and Swelling 102
10.2.2 Protonic Conductivity 103
10.2.3 Permeability 104
10.2.4 Membrane Mechanical Properties and Durability 107
10.3 Conclusions 108 References 108 11 MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells 110 Andrew J. Steinbach and Mark K. Debe
11.1 Introduction 110
11.2 MEA Basic Components (PEMs, Catalysts, GDLs and Gaskets) 111
11.3 MEA Performance, Durability, and Cost Targets for Transportation 112
11.4 MEA Robustness and Sensitivity to External Factors 115
11.5 Technology Gaps 117
11.6 Conclusion 118 References 118 12 Gas Diffusion Layer 121 Sehkyu Park
12.1 Introduction 121
12.2 Macroporous Substrate 122
12.3 Microporous Layer 123
12.4 Characterization of GDL 124
12.5 Conclusion 126 References 127 13 Materials for PEMFC Bipolar Plates 128 Heli Wang and John A. Turner
13.1 Introduction 128
13.2 Composite BP Materials 130
13.3 Metallic BP Materials 131
13.3.1 Light Alloys 131
13.3.2 Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates 132
13.3.2.1 Metal-Based Coatings 132
13.3.2.2 Carbon/Polymer-Based Coatings 133
13.3.3 Remarks 133 Acknowledgments 133 References 133 14 Single Cell for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) 135 Hyoung-Juhn Kim
14.1 Introduction 135
14.2 Main Components of a Single Cell for a PEMFC 136
14.3 Assembly of a Single Cell 137
14.4 Measurement of a Single Cell Performance 138
14.5 Conclusions 139 References 139 I-1.4 Hydrogen 141 I-1.4.1 On board storage 141 15 Pressurized System 143 Rajesh Ahluwalia and Thanh Hua
15.1 Introduction 143
15.2 High Pressure Storage System 144
15.3 Cost 147
15.4 Conclusions 148 References 148 16 Metal Hydrides 149 Vitalie Stavila and Lennie Klebanoff
16.1 Metal Hydrides as Hydrogen Storage Media 149
16.2 Classes of Metal Hydrides 152
16.2.1 Interstitial Metal Hydrides 152
16.2.2 Magnesium and Magnesium-Based Alloys 153
16.2.3 Complex Metal Hydrides 154
16.2.3.1 Off-Board Reversible Metal Hydrides 157
16.3 How Metal Hydrides Could Be Improved 157 References 160 17 Cryo-Compressed Hydrogen Storage 162 Tobias Brunner, Markus Kampitsch, and Oliver Kircher
17.1 Introduction 162
17.2 Thermodynamic Principles 163
17.3 System Design and Operating Principles 167
17.4 Validation and Safety 169
17.5 Summary 172 References 173 I-1.4.2 On board safety 175 18 On-Board Safety 177 Rajesh Ahluwalia and Thanh Hua
18.1 Introduction 177
18.2 High Pressure Fuel Container System 179
18.3 Hydrogen Refueling Requirements and Safety 180
18.4 Conclusions 182 References 182 I-2 Auxiliary power units (APU) 183 19 Fuels for APU Applications 185 Remzi Can Samsun
19.1 Introduction 185
19.2 Diesel Fuel 186
19.2.1 Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuels 186
19.2.2 Non-Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuels 187
19.3 Jet Fuel 189
19.3.1 Petroleum-Based Jet Fuels 189
19.3.2 Non-Petroleum-Based Jet Fuels 190
19.4 Other Fuels 190
19.4.1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 190
19.4.2 Methanol 192
19.5 Conclusion 195 References 195 20 Application Requirements/Targets for Fuel Cell APUs 197 Jacob S. Spendelow and Dimitrios C. Papageorgopoulos
20.1 Introduction 197
20.2 DOE Technical Targets 198
20.2.1 Status and Targets of Fuel Cell APUs 198
20.2.2 Target Justification 198
20.2.2.1 Electrical Efficiency at Rated Power 199
20.2.2.2 Power Density 199
20.2.2.3 Specific Power 199
20.2.2.4 Factory Cost 200
20.2.2.5 Transient Response 200
20.2.2.6 Startup Time 200
20.2.2.7 Degradation with Cycling 200
20.2.2.8 Operating Lifetime 200
20.2.2.9 System Availability 201 References 201 21 Fuel Cells for Marine Applications 202 Keno Leites
21.1 Introduction 202
21.2 Possible Fuel Cell Systems for Ships 204
21.3 Maritime Fuel Cell Projects 205
21.4 Development Goals for Future Systems 206
21.5 Conclusions 206 References 207 22 Reforming Technologies for APUs 208 Ralf Peters
22.1 Introduction 208
22.2 Guideline 208
22.2.1 Chemical Reactions 208
22.2.2 Aspects of System Design 210
22.2.3 Catalysts in Fuel Processing 211
22.2.4 Reactor Development of Fuel Processing 213
22.2.5 Further Data Sets of Interest 219
22.2.6 Other Fuels 219 Appendix
22.A 220 Abbreviation 220 List of Symbols 221 Definitions 221 References 222 23 PEFC Systems for APU Applications 225 Remzi Can Samsun
23.1 Introduction 225
23.2 PEFC Operation with Reformate 226
23.3 Application Concepts 229
23.4 System Design 230
23.5 System Efficiency 232
23.6 System Test 232
23.7 Conclusion 233 References 233 24 High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells 235 Werner Lehnert, Lukas Lüke, and Remzi Can Samsun
24.1 Introduction 235
24.2 Operating Behavior of Cells and Stacks 236
24.3 System Level 240 References 246 25 Fuel Cell Systems for APU. SOFC: Cell, Stack, and Systems 248 Niels Christiansen References 255
Part II Stationary 257 26 Deployment and Capacity Trends for Stationary Fuel Cell Systems in the USA 259 Max Wei, Shuk Han Chan, Ahmad Mayyas, and Tim Lipman
26.1 Fuel-Cell Backup Systems 260
26.2 Fuel-Cell Combined Heat and Power and Electricity 262 References 269 27 Specific Country Reports: Japan 270 Tomio Omata
27.1 Introduction 270
27.2 Start of the Sales of Residential Fuel Cell Systems 271
27.3 Market Growth of the Ene-Farm 272
27.4 Technical Development of the Ene-Farm 272 2
Part I Transportation 1 I-1 Propulsion 1 I-1.1 Benchmarks and Definition of Criteria 1 1 Battery Electric Vehicles 3 Bruno Gnörich and Lutz Eckstein References 11 2 Passenger Car Drive Cycles 12 Thomas Grube
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Drive Cycles for Passenger Car Type Approval 13
2.3 Drive Cycles from Research Projects 14
2.4 Drive Cycle Characteristics 14
2.5 Graphic Representation of Selected Drive Cycles 16
2.6 Conclusion 21 References 21 3 Hydrogen Fuel Quality 22 James M. Ohi
3.1 Introduction 22
3.2 Hydrogen Fuel 23
3.3 Fuel Quality Effects 25
3.4 Fuel Quality for Fuel Cell Vehicles 25
3.5 Single Cell Tests 26
3.6 Field Data 26
3.7 Fuel Quality Verification 27
3.8 Conclusion 28 References 29 4 Fuel Consumption 30 Amgad Elgowainy and Erika Sutherland
4.1 Introduction 30
4.2 Hydrogen Production 31
4.3 Hydrogen Packaging 31
4.4 Hydrogen Consumption in FCEVs 32
4.5 Conclusion 34 References 34 I-1.2 Demonstration 37 I-1.2.1 Passenger Cars 37 5 Global Development Status of Fuel Cell Vehicles 39 Remzi Can Samsun
5.1 Introduction 39
5.2 Update on Recent Activities of Car Manufacturers 40
5.3 Key Data and Results from Demonstration Programs 41
5.4 Technical Data of Fuel Cell Vehicles 47
5.4.1 Daimler 47
5.4.2 Ford 47
5.4.3 GM/Opel 50
5.4.4 Honda 51
5.4.5 Hyundai/Kia 51
5.4.6 Nissan 52
5.4.7 Toyota 53
5.4.8 Volkswagen 55
5.5 Conclusions 57 References 58 6 Transportation - China - Passenger Cars 61 Yingru Zhao
6.1 Introduction 61
6.2 National R&D Strategy (2011-2015) 62
6.3 Government Policy 63
6.4 Published Technical Standards 63
6.5 Demonstrations 65
6.6 Commercialization - Case of SAIC Motor 67
6.7 Conclusions 67 References 68 7 Results of Country Specific Program - Korea 69 Tae-Hoon Lim
7.1 Introduction 69
7.2 FCV Demonstration Program 70 VI Contents
7.2.1 The 1st Phase of the FCV Demonstration Project 70
7.2.2 The 2nd Phase of the FCV Demonstration Project 70
7.3 Summary 72 8 GM HydroGen4 - A Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle based on the Chevrolet Equinox 75 Ulrich Eberle and Rittmar von Helmolt
8.1 Introduction 75
8.2 Technology 76
8.3 Conclusions 84 Acknowledgments 85 References 86 I-1.2.2 Buses 87 9 Results of Country Specific Programs - USA 89 Leslie Eudy
9.1 Introduction 89
9.2 FCEB Descriptions 90
9.3 SunLine Advanced Technology Fuel Cell Electric Bus 90
9.3.1 Fuel Economy 91
9.3.2 Availability 92
9.4 Zero Emission Bay Area Program 92
9.4.1 Fuel Economy 94
9.4.2 Availability 94
9.5 SunLine American Fuel Cell Bus 95
9.5.1 Fuel Economy 96
9.5.2 Availability 97
9.6 Conclusion 98 References 98 I-1.3 PEM fuel cells 99 10 Polymer Electrolytes 101 John Kopasz and Cortney Mittelsteadt
10.1 Introduction 101
10.2 Membrane Properties 102
10.2.1 Water uptake and Swelling 102
10.2.2 Protonic Conductivity 103
10.2.3 Permeability 104
10.2.4 Membrane Mechanical Properties and Durability 107
10.3 Conclusions 108 References 108 11 MEAs for PEM Fuel Cells 110 Andrew J. Steinbach and Mark K. Debe
11.1 Introduction 110
11.2 MEA Basic Components (PEMs, Catalysts, GDLs and Gaskets) 111
11.3 MEA Performance, Durability, and Cost Targets for Transportation 112
11.4 MEA Robustness and Sensitivity to External Factors 115
11.5 Technology Gaps 117
11.6 Conclusion 118 References 118 12 Gas Diffusion Layer 121 Sehkyu Park
12.1 Introduction 121
12.2 Macroporous Substrate 122
12.3 Microporous Layer 123
12.4 Characterization of GDL 124
12.5 Conclusion 126 References 127 13 Materials for PEMFC Bipolar Plates 128 Heli Wang and John A. Turner
13.1 Introduction 128
13.2 Composite BP Materials 130
13.3 Metallic BP Materials 131
13.3.1 Light Alloys 131
13.3.2 Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates 132
13.3.2.1 Metal-Based Coatings 132
13.3.2.2 Carbon/Polymer-Based Coatings 133
13.3.3 Remarks 133 Acknowledgments 133 References 133 14 Single Cell for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) 135 Hyoung-Juhn Kim
14.1 Introduction 135
14.2 Main Components of a Single Cell for a PEMFC 136
14.3 Assembly of a Single Cell 137
14.4 Measurement of a Single Cell Performance 138
14.5 Conclusions 139 References 139 I-1.4 Hydrogen 141 I-1.4.1 On board storage 141 15 Pressurized System 143 Rajesh Ahluwalia and Thanh Hua
15.1 Introduction 143
15.2 High Pressure Storage System 144
15.3 Cost 147
15.4 Conclusions 148 References 148 16 Metal Hydrides 149 Vitalie Stavila and Lennie Klebanoff
16.1 Metal Hydrides as Hydrogen Storage Media 149
16.2 Classes of Metal Hydrides 152
16.2.1 Interstitial Metal Hydrides 152
16.2.2 Magnesium and Magnesium-Based Alloys 153
16.2.3 Complex Metal Hydrides 154
16.2.3.1 Off-Board Reversible Metal Hydrides 157
16.3 How Metal Hydrides Could Be Improved 157 References 160 17 Cryo-Compressed Hydrogen Storage 162 Tobias Brunner, Markus Kampitsch, and Oliver Kircher
17.1 Introduction 162
17.2 Thermodynamic Principles 163
17.3 System Design and Operating Principles 167
17.4 Validation and Safety 169
17.5 Summary 172 References 173 I-1.4.2 On board safety 175 18 On-Board Safety 177 Rajesh Ahluwalia and Thanh Hua
18.1 Introduction 177
18.2 High Pressure Fuel Container System 179
18.3 Hydrogen Refueling Requirements and Safety 180
18.4 Conclusions 182 References 182 I-2 Auxiliary power units (APU) 183 19 Fuels for APU Applications 185 Remzi Can Samsun
19.1 Introduction 185
19.2 Diesel Fuel 186
19.2.1 Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuels 186
19.2.2 Non-Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuels 187
19.3 Jet Fuel 189
19.3.1 Petroleum-Based Jet Fuels 189
19.3.2 Non-Petroleum-Based Jet Fuels 190
19.4 Other Fuels 190
19.4.1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 190
19.4.2 Methanol 192
19.5 Conclusion 195 References 195 20 Application Requirements/Targets for Fuel Cell APUs 197 Jacob S. Spendelow and Dimitrios C. Papageorgopoulos
20.1 Introduction 197
20.2 DOE Technical Targets 198
20.2.1 Status and Targets of Fuel Cell APUs 198
20.2.2 Target Justification 198
20.2.2.1 Electrical Efficiency at Rated Power 199
20.2.2.2 Power Density 199
20.2.2.3 Specific Power 199
20.2.2.4 Factory Cost 200
20.2.2.5 Transient Response 200
20.2.2.6 Startup Time 200
20.2.2.7 Degradation with Cycling 200
20.2.2.8 Operating Lifetime 200
20.2.2.9 System Availability 201 References 201 21 Fuel Cells for Marine Applications 202 Keno Leites
21.1 Introduction 202
21.2 Possible Fuel Cell Systems for Ships 204
21.3 Maritime Fuel Cell Projects 205
21.4 Development Goals for Future Systems 206
21.5 Conclusions 206 References 207 22 Reforming Technologies for APUs 208 Ralf Peters
22.1 Introduction 208
22.2 Guideline 208
22.2.1 Chemical Reactions 208
22.2.2 Aspects of System Design 210
22.2.3 Catalysts in Fuel Processing 211
22.2.4 Reactor Development of Fuel Processing 213
22.2.5 Further Data Sets of Interest 219
22.2.6 Other Fuels 219 Appendix
22.A 220 Abbreviation 220 List of Symbols 221 Definitions 221 References 222 23 PEFC Systems for APU Applications 225 Remzi Can Samsun
23.1 Introduction 225
23.2 PEFC Operation with Reformate 226
23.3 Application Concepts 229
23.4 System Design 230
23.5 System Efficiency 232
23.6 System Test 232
23.7 Conclusion 233 References 233 24 High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells 235 Werner Lehnert, Lukas Lüke, and Remzi Can Samsun
24.1 Introduction 235
24.2 Operating Behavior of Cells and Stacks 236
24.3 System Level 240 References 246 25 Fuel Cell Systems for APU. SOFC: Cell, Stack, and Systems 248 Niels Christiansen References 255
Part II Stationary 257 26 Deployment and Capacity Trends for Stationary Fuel Cell Systems in the USA 259 Max Wei, Shuk Han Chan, Ahmad Mayyas, and Tim Lipman
26.1 Fuel-Cell Backup Systems 260
26.2 Fuel-Cell Combined Heat and Power and Electricity 262 References 269 27 Specific Country Reports: Japan 270 Tomio Omata
27.1 Introduction 270
27.2 Start of the Sales of Residential Fuel Cell Systems 271
27.3 Market Growth of the Ene-Farm 272
27.4 Technical Development of the Ene-Farm 272 2
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