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List of Examples xiii Preface xvii
Chapter 1 Circuit Variables 2 Practical Perspective: Balancing Power 3
1.1 Electrical Engineering: An Overview 4
1.2 The International System of Units 8
1.3 Circuit Analysis: An Overview 10
1.4 Voltage and Current 11
1.5 The Ideal Basic Circuit Element 12
1.6 Power and Energy 14 Practical Perspective: Balancing Power 17 Summary 18 Problems 19
Chapter 2 Circuit Elements 24 Practical Perspective: Electrical Safety 25
2.1 Voltage and Current Sources 26
2.2 Electrical Resistance (Ohm''s Law) 30
2.3 Construction of a Circuit Model 34
2.4 Kirchhoff''s Laws 37
2.5 Analysis of a Circuit Containing Dependent Sources 42 Practical Perspective: Electrical Safety 46 Summary 47 Problems 48
Chapter 3 Simple Resistive Circuits 56 Practical Perspective: A Rear Window Defroster 57
3.1 Resistors in Series 58
3.2 Resistors in Parallel 59
3.3 The Voltage-Divider and Current-DividerCircuits 61
3.4 Voltage Division and Current Division 64
3.5 Measuring Voltage and Current 66
3.6 Measuring Resistance The Wheatstone Bridge 69
3.7 Delta-to-Wye (Pi-to-Tee) Equivalent Circuits 71 Practical Perspective: A Rear Window Defroster 73 Summary 76 Problems 77
Chapter 4 Techniques of Circuit Analysis 88 Practical Perspective: Circuits with Realistic Resistors 89
4.1 Terminology 90
4.2 Introduction to the Node-Voltage Method 93
4.3 The Node-Voltage Method and Dependent Sources 95
4.4 The Node-Voltage Method: Some Special Cases 96
4.5 Introduction to the Mesh-Current Method 99
4.6 The Mesh-Current Method and Dependent Sources 102
4.7 The Mesh-Current Method: Some Special Cases 103
4.8 The Node-Voltage Method Versus the Mesh-Current Method 106
4.9 Source Transformations 109
4.10 Thèvenin and Norton Equivalents 113
4.11 More on Deriving a Thèvenin Equivalent 117
4.12 Maximum Power Transfer 120
4.13 Superposition 122 Practical Perspective: Circuits with Realistic Resistors 125 Summary 129 Problems 130
Chapter 5 The Operational Amplifier 144 Practical Perspective: Strain Gages 145
5.1 Operational Amplifier Terminals 146
5.2 Terminal Voltages and Currents 146
5.3 The Inverting-Amplifier Circuit 150
5.4 The Summing-Amplifier Circuit 152
5.5 The Noninverting-Amplifier Circuit 153
5.6 The Difference-Amplifier Circuit 155
5.7 A More Realistic Model for the Operational Amplifier 159 Practical Perspective: Strain Gages 162 Summary 164 Problems 165
Chapter 6 Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance 174 Practical Perspective: Proximity Switches 175
6.1 The Inductor 176
6.2 The Capacitor 182
6.3 Series-Parallel Combinations of Inductance and Capacitance 187
6.4 Mutual Inductance 189
6.5 A Closer Look at Mutual Inductance 193 Practical Perspective: Proximity Switches 200 Summary 203 Problems 204
Chapter 7 Response of First-Order RL and RC Circuits 212 Practical Perspective: A Flashing Light Circuit 213
7.1 The Natural Response of an RL Circuit 214
7.2 The Natural Response of an RC Circuit 220
7.3 The Step Response of RL and RC Circuits 224
7.4 A General Solution for Step and Natural Responses 231
7.5 Sequential Switching 236
7.6 Unbounded Response 240
7.7 The Integrating Amplifier 241 Practical Perspective: A Flashing Light Circuit 245 Summary 246 Problems 247
Chapter 8 Natural and Step Responses of RLC Circuits 264 Practical Perspective: An Ignition Circuit 265
8.1 Introduction to the Natural Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit 266
8.2 The Forms of the Natural Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit 270
8.3 The Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit 280
8.4 The Natural and Step Response of a Series RLC Circuit 285
8.5 A Circuit with Two Integrating Amplifiers 289 Practical Perspective: An Ignition Circuit 294 Summary 297 Problems 298
Chapter 9 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis 306 Practical Perspective: A Household Distribution Circuit 307
9.1 The Sinusoidal Source 308
9.2 The Sinusoidal Response 311

Electric Circuits