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Viser: Relativity Principles and Theories from Galileo to Einstein
Relativity Principles and Theories from Galileo to Einstein
Olivier Darrigol
(2025)
Sprog: Engelsk
Oxford University Press
483,00 kr.
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- Paperback: 496 sider
- Udgiver: Oxford University Press (August 2025)
- ISBN: 9780198974987
Motion is always relative to something. Is this thing a concrete body like the earth, is it an abstract space, or is it an imagined frame? Do the laws of physics depend on the choice of reference? Is there a choice for which the laws are simplest? Is this choice unique? Is there a physical cause for the choice made?These questions traverse the history of modern physics from Galileo to Einstein. The answers involved Galilean relativity, Newton's absolute space, the purely relational concepts of Descartes, Leibniz, and Mach, and many forgotten uses of relativity principles in mechanics, optics, and electrodynamics, until the relativity theories of Poincaré, Einstein, Minkowski, and Laue radically redefined space and time to satisfy universal kinds of relativity.This book retraces the emergence of relativity principles in early modern mechanics, documents their constructive use in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century mechanics, optics, and electrodynamics, and gives a well-rooted account of the genesis of special and general relativity in the early twentieth century. As an exercise in long-term history, it demonstrates the connectivity of issues and approaches across several centuries, despite enormous changes in context and culture. As an account of the genesis of relativity theories, it brings unprecedented clarity and fullness by broadening the spectrum of resources on which the principal actors drew.
1. Rethinking motion in the seventeenth century2. Deriving Newton's second law from relativity principles3. The space-time-inertia tangle4. The optics of moving bodies5. The electrodynamics of moving bodies6. Poincaré's relativity theory7. The relativity theory of Einstein, Minkowski, and Laue8. From Riemann to Ricci9. Mostly Einstein: To general relativity10. Mesh and measure in early general relativity11. Epilogue
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