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Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals Vital Source e-bog
Matt J. Keeling og Pejman Rohani
(2011)
Princeton University Press
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Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals
Matt J. Keeling og Pejman Rohani
(2007)
Princeton University Press
730,00 kr.
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Detaljer om varen
- Vital Source searchable e-book (Reflowable pages): 408 sider
- Udgiver: Princeton University Press (September 2011)
- Forfattere: Matt J. Keeling og Pejman Rohani
- ISBN: 9781400841035
For epidemiologists, evolutionary biologists, and health-care professionals, real-time and predictive modeling of infectious disease is of growing importance. This book provides a timely and comprehensive introduction to the modeling of infectious diseases in humans and animals, focusing on recent developments as well as more traditional approaches. Matt Keeling and Pejman Rohani move from modeling with simple differential equations to more recent, complex models, where spatial structure, seasonal "forcing," or stochasticity influence the dynamics, and where computer simulation needs to be used to generate theory. In each of the eight chapters, they deal with a specific modeling approach or set of techniques designed to capture a particular biological factor. They illustrate the methodology used with examples from recent research literature on human and infectious disease modeling, showing how such techniques can be used in practice. Diseases considered include BSE, foot-and-mouth, HIV, measles, rubella, smallpox, and West Nile virus, among others. Particular attention is given throughout the book to the development of practical models, useful both as predictive tools and as a means to understand fundamental epidemiological processes. To emphasize this approach, the last chapter is dedicated to modeling and understanding the control of diseases through vaccination, quarantine, or culling. Comprehensive, practical introduction to infectious disease modeling Builds from simple to complex predictive models Models and methodology fully supported by examples drawn from research literature Practical models aid students' understanding of fundamental epidemiological processes For many of the models presented, the authors provide accompanying programs written in Java, C, Fortran, and MATLAB In-depth treatment of role of modeling in understanding disease control
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Detaljer om varen
- Hardback: 384 sider
- Udgiver: Princeton University Press (Oktober 2007)
- Forfattere: Matt J. Keeling og Pejman Rohani
- ISBN: 9780691116174
For epidemiologists, evolutionary biologists, and health-care professionals, real-time and predictive modeling of infectious disease is of growing importance. This book provides a timely and comprehensive introduction to the modeling of infectious diseases in humans and animals, focusing on recent developments as well as more traditional approaches.
Matt Keeling and Pejman Rohani move from modeling with simple differential equations to more recent, complex models, where spatial structure, seasonal "forcing," or stochasticity influence the dynamics, and where computer simulation needs to be used to generate theory. In each of the eight chapters, they deal with a specific modeling approach or set of techniques designed to capture a particular biological factor. They illustrate the methodology used with examples from recent research literature on human and infectious disease modeling, showing how such techniques can be used in practice. Diseases considered include BSE, foot-and-mouth, HIV, measles, rubella, smallpox, and West Nile virus, among others. Particular attention is given throughout the book to the development of practical models, useful both as predictive tools and as a means to understand fundamental epidemiological processes. To emphasize this approach, the last chapter is dedicated to modeling and understanding the control of diseases through vaccination, quarantine, or culling.
- Comprehensive, practical introduction to infectious disease modeling
- Builds from simple to complex predictive models
- Models and methodology fully supported by examples drawn from research literature
- Practical models aid students' understanding of fundamental epidemiological processes
- For many of the models presented, the authors provide accompanying programs written in Java, C, Fortran, and MATLAB
- In-depth treatment of role of modeling in understanding disease control
Acknowledgments xiii
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Types of Disease 1
1.2 Characterization of Diseases 3
1.3 Control of Infectious Diseases 5
1.4 What Are Mathematical Models? 7
1.5 What Models Can Do 8
1.6 What Models Cannot Do 10
1.7 What Is a Good Model? 10
1.8 Layout of This Book 11
1.9 What Else Should You Know? 13
Chapter 2: Introduction to Simple Epidemic Models 15
2.1 Formulating the Deterministic SIR Model 16
2.1.1 The SIR Model Without Demography 19
2.1.1.1 The Threshold Phenomenon 19
2.1.1.2 Epidemic Burnout 21
2.1.1.3 Worked Example: Influenza in a Boarding School 26
2.1.2 The SIR Model With Demography 26
2.1.2.1 The Equilibrium State 28
2.1.2.2 Stability Properties 29
2.1.2.3 Oscillatory Dynamics 30
2.1.2.4 Mean Age at Infection 31
2.2 Infection-Induced Mortality and SI Models 34
2.2.1 Mortality Throughout Infection 34
2.2.1.1 Density-Dependent Transmission 35
2.2.1.2 Frequency Dependent Transmission 36
2.2.2 Mortality Late in Infection 37
2.2.3 Fatal Infections 38
2.3 Without Immunity: The SIS Model 39
2.4 Waning Immunity: The SIRS Model 40
2.5 Adding a Latent Period: The SEIR Model 41
2.6 Infections with a Carrier State 44
2.7 Discrete-Time Models 46
2.8 Parameterization 48
2.8.1 Estimating R0 from Reported Cases 50
2.8.2 Estimating R0 from Seroprevalence Data 51
2.8.3 Estimating Parameters in General 52
2.9 Summary 52
Chapter 3: Host Heterogeneities 54
3.1 Risk-Structure: Sexually Transmitted Infections 55
3.1.1 Modeling Risk Structure 57
3.1.1.1 High-Risk and Low-Risk Groups 57
3.1.1.2 Initial Dynamics 59
3.1.1.3 Equilibrium Prevalence 62
3.1.1.4 Targeted Control 63
3.1.1.5 Generalizing the Model 64
3.1.1.6 Parameterization 64
3.1.2 Two Applications of Risk Structure 69
3.1.2.1 Early Dynamics of HIV 71
3.1.2.2 Chlamydia Infections in Koalas 74
3.1.3 Other Types of Risk Structure 76
3.2 Age-Structure: Childhood Infections 77
3.2.1 Basic Methodology 78
3.2.1.1 Initial Dynamics 80
3.2.1.2 Equilibrium Prevalence 80
3.2.1.3 Control by Vaccination 81
3.2.1.3 Parameterization 82
3.2.2 Applications of Age Structure 84
3.2.2.1 Dynamics of Measles 84
3.2.2.2 Spread and Control of BSE 89
3.3 Dependence on Time Since Infection 93
3.3.1 SEIR and Multi-Compartment Models 94
3.3.2 Models with Memory 98
3.3.3 Application: SARS 100
3.4 Future Directions 102
3.5 Summary 103
Chapter 4: Multi-Pathogen/Multi-Host Models 105
4.1 Multiple Pathogens 106
4.1.1 Complete Cross-Immunity 107
4.1.1.1 Evolutionary Implications 109
4.1.2 No Cross-Immunity 112
4.1.2.1 Application: The Interaction of Measles and Whooping Cough 112
4.1.2.2 Application: Multiple Malaria Strains 115
4.1.3 Enhanced Susceptibility 116
4.1.4 Partial Cross-Immunity 118
4.1.4.1 Evolutionary Implications 120
4.1.4.2 Oscillations Driven by Cross-Immunity 122
4.1.5 A General Framework 125
4.2 Multiple Hosts 128
4.2.1 Shared Hosts 130
4.2.1.1 Application: Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease 131
4.2.1.2 Application: Parapoxvirus and the Decline of the Red Squirrel 133
4.2.2 Vectored Transmission 135
4.2.2.1 Mosquito Vectors 136
4.2.2.2 Sessile Vectors 141
4.2.3 Zoonoses 143
4.2.3.1 Directly Transmitted Zoonoses 144
4.2.3.2 Vector-Borne Zoonoses: West Nile Virus 148
4.3 Future Directions 151
4.4 Summary 153
Chapter 5: Temporally Forced Models 155
5.1 Historical Background 155
5.1.1 Seasonality in Other Systems 158
5.2 Modeling Forcing in Childhood Infectious Diseases: Measles 159
5.2.1 Dynamical Consequences of Seasonality: Harmonic and Subharmonic Resonance 160
5.2.2 Mechanisms of Multi-Annual Cycles 163
5.2.3 Bifurcation Diagrams 164
5.2.4 Multiple Attractors and Their Basins 167
5.2.5 Which Forcing Function? 171
5.2.6 Dynamical Trasitions
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Types of Disease 1
1.2 Characterization of Diseases 3
1.3 Control of Infectious Diseases 5
1.4 What Are Mathematical Models? 7
1.5 What Models Can Do 8
1.6 What Models Cannot Do 10
1.7 What Is a Good Model? 10
1.8 Layout of This Book 11
1.9 What Else Should You Know? 13
Chapter 2: Introduction to Simple Epidemic Models 15
2.1 Formulating the Deterministic SIR Model 16
2.1.1 The SIR Model Without Demography 19
2.1.1.1 The Threshold Phenomenon 19
2.1.1.2 Epidemic Burnout 21
2.1.1.3 Worked Example: Influenza in a Boarding School 26
2.1.2 The SIR Model With Demography 26
2.1.2.1 The Equilibrium State 28
2.1.2.2 Stability Properties 29
2.1.2.3 Oscillatory Dynamics 30
2.1.2.4 Mean Age at Infection 31
2.2 Infection-Induced Mortality and SI Models 34
2.2.1 Mortality Throughout Infection 34
2.2.1.1 Density-Dependent Transmission 35
2.2.1.2 Frequency Dependent Transmission 36
2.2.2 Mortality Late in Infection 37
2.2.3 Fatal Infections 38
2.3 Without Immunity: The SIS Model 39
2.4 Waning Immunity: The SIRS Model 40
2.5 Adding a Latent Period: The SEIR Model 41
2.6 Infections with a Carrier State 44
2.7 Discrete-Time Models 46
2.8 Parameterization 48
2.8.1 Estimating R0 from Reported Cases 50
2.8.2 Estimating R0 from Seroprevalence Data 51
2.8.3 Estimating Parameters in General 52
2.9 Summary 52
Chapter 3: Host Heterogeneities 54
3.1 Risk-Structure: Sexually Transmitted Infections 55
3.1.1 Modeling Risk Structure 57
3.1.1.1 High-Risk and Low-Risk Groups 57
3.1.1.2 Initial Dynamics 59
3.1.1.3 Equilibrium Prevalence 62
3.1.1.4 Targeted Control 63
3.1.1.5 Generalizing the Model 64
3.1.1.6 Parameterization 64
3.1.2 Two Applications of Risk Structure 69
3.1.2.1 Early Dynamics of HIV 71
3.1.2.2 Chlamydia Infections in Koalas 74
3.1.3 Other Types of Risk Structure 76
3.2 Age-Structure: Childhood Infections 77
3.2.1 Basic Methodology 78
3.2.1.1 Initial Dynamics 80
3.2.1.2 Equilibrium Prevalence 80
3.2.1.3 Control by Vaccination 81
3.2.1.3 Parameterization 82
3.2.2 Applications of Age Structure 84
3.2.2.1 Dynamics of Measles 84
3.2.2.2 Spread and Control of BSE 89
3.3 Dependence on Time Since Infection 93
3.3.1 SEIR and Multi-Compartment Models 94
3.3.2 Models with Memory 98
3.3.3 Application: SARS 100
3.4 Future Directions 102
3.5 Summary 103
Chapter 4: Multi-Pathogen/Multi-Host Models 105
4.1 Multiple Pathogens 106
4.1.1 Complete Cross-Immunity 107
4.1.1.1 Evolutionary Implications 109
4.1.2 No Cross-Immunity 112
4.1.2.1 Application: The Interaction of Measles and Whooping Cough 112
4.1.2.2 Application: Multiple Malaria Strains 115
4.1.3 Enhanced Susceptibility 116
4.1.4 Partial Cross-Immunity 118
4.1.4.1 Evolutionary Implications 120
4.1.4.2 Oscillations Driven by Cross-Immunity 122
4.1.5 A General Framework 125
4.2 Multiple Hosts 128
4.2.1 Shared Hosts 130
4.2.1.1 Application: Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease 131
4.2.1.2 Application: Parapoxvirus and the Decline of the Red Squirrel 133
4.2.2 Vectored Transmission 135
4.2.2.1 Mosquito Vectors 136
4.2.2.2 Sessile Vectors 141
4.2.3 Zoonoses 143
4.2.3.1 Directly Transmitted Zoonoses 144
4.2.3.2 Vector-Borne Zoonoses: West Nile Virus 148
4.3 Future Directions 151
4.4 Summary 153
Chapter 5: Temporally Forced Models 155
5.1 Historical Background 155
5.1.1 Seasonality in Other Systems 158
5.2 Modeling Forcing in Childhood Infectious Diseases: Measles 159
5.2.1 Dynamical Consequences of Seasonality: Harmonic and Subharmonic Resonance 160
5.2.2 Mechanisms of Multi-Annual Cycles 163
5.2.3 Bifurcation Diagrams 164
5.2.4 Multiple Attractors and Their Basins 167
5.2.5 Which Forcing Function? 171
5.2.6 Dynamical Trasitions
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