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Viser: Mechatronics for Complex Products and Systems - Project-Based Design Approaches for Robots, Cyber-Physical Systems, Digital Twins, and Other Emerging Technologies
Mechatronics for Complex Products and Systems
Project-Based Design Approaches for Robots, Cyber-Physical Systems, Digital Twins, and Other Emerging Technologies
Zhuming Bi
(2025)
Sprog: Engelsk
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
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Detaljer om varen
- Hardback: 704 sider
- Udgiver: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated (Marts 2025)
- ISBN: 9781394209590
A project-based approach to designing mechatronic systems with new and emerging technologies
In Mechatronics for Complex Products and Systems: Project-Based Designs for Cyber-Physical Systems, Digital Twins, and Other Emerging Technologies, distinguished researcher Dr. Zhuming Bi delivers an expert discussion of real-world mechatronics skills that students will need in their engineering careers.
The book explains the characteristics and innovation principles underlying mechatronic systems, including modularization, adaptability, predictability, sustainability, and concurrent engineering. A mechatronic system is decomposed into a set of mechatronic functional modules such as power systems, actuating systems, sensing systems, systems of signal conditioning and processing, and control systems.
The author also offers:
- A thorough introduction from classic integration of mechanical, electronic and electrical systems to more complex products and systems, including cyber-physical systems, robotics, human-robot interactions, digital twins, and Internet of Things applications
- Insightful project assignments that help reinforce a practical understanding of a learning subject
- Practical discussions of real-world engineering problems
- Comprehensive guidance on how to select the right type of sensors, motors, and controllers for a variety of mechatronic functional modules
Perfect for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of mechatronics, Mechatronics for Complex Products and Systems will also benefit professional engineers working on interdisciplinary projects enabled by digital technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Preface xvii About the Companion Website xix 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Growing Complexity of Engineering Designs 1
1.2.1 Products 3
1.2.2 Manufacturing Technologies 5
1.2.3 Business Environments 6
1.2.4 Engineering Design 6
1.3 Integrated Engineering Design 7
1.4 Mechatronics for Multi- or Interdisciplinary Designs 9
1.5 Mechatronic Design Examples 11
1.5.1 Development of Football Robot Team 11
1.5.2 Reusing Robots to Unload Heat Sinks Automatically 12
1.5.3 Rebuilding Rail Test Machine 14
1.5.4 Testing of Electric Hardness 16
1.5.5 Valve Needle Assembly Station 16
1.5.6 Ejecting Engine Fans from Performance Tester 18
1.5.7 Demonstrator of Automated Spacer Removals in Truck Assembly Line 19
1.6 Group Technologies (GTs) for Mechatronic Designs 21
1.7 Mechatronics and Mechatronic Functional Modules (MFMs) 22
1.8 Mechatronic Design Methodologies 24
1.9 Organization of the Book 25
1.10 Summary 26 Problems 28 References 28 2 Mechatronic Designs - Innovations, Theories, and Methods 31
2.1 Innovative Thinking 31
2.2 Theory of Inventive Problem-Solving (TRIZ) as Tactic Methodology 34
2.3 Innovations of Mechatronic Systems 39
2.3.1 Modularization 39
2.3.2 Integrability 41
2.3.3 Coupled Discipline Modeling 42
2.3.4 Concurrent Design 43
2.3.5 Decentralized Controls 45
2.3.6 Event-Driven Automation 46
2.3.7 Adaptability and Re-configurability 46
2.3.8 Predictability 48
2.3.9 System Resilience 49
2.3.10 Continuous Adaptation (CA) 50
2.4 Architecture of Mechatronic Systems 51
2.5 Design of Mechatronic Systems 54
2.6 Mechatronic Design Methodologies 57
2.6.1 System Modeling Language (SysML) 58
2.6.2 Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) 59
2.6.3 Axiomatic Design Theory (ADT) 61
2.6.4 Concurrent Design Optimization (CDO) 63
2.6.5 Virtual Verification and Validation (VVV) 65
2.7 Project-Based Mechatronic Design (PBMD) 65
2.7.1 Existing Assistive Evacuating Technologies 66
2.7.2 Proposed Assistive Evacuation Device 69
2.7.3 Main Functional Requirements from Use Cases 69
2.7.4 Project-Based Mechatronic Designs 72
2.7.4.1 Folding and Unfolding Mechanism 72
2.7.4.2 Reaction Forces on Tracks for Structural Elements 72
2.7.4.3 Motor for Lifting Mechanism 74
2.7.4.4 Control of Evacuation Device 76
2.7.4.5 PBMD in Mechatronic Design 77
2.8 Summary 77 Problems 78 References 81 3 Power Generation, Storage, Supply and Transmission 87
3.1 Introduction 87
3.2 Energy, Work, and Power 87
3.3 Energy Source 90
3.4 Driving Components - Functional Requirements (FRs) 91
3.5 Power Transmission 93
3.5.1 Functional Requirements (FRs) 94
3.5.2 Machine Elements for Power Transmission 95
3.5.3 Types of Machine Elements 95
3.5.4 Procedure in Designing or Selecting Machine Elements 95
3.5.5 Machine Elements in Mechatronic Systems 98
3.5.6 Mechanical Power Transmission Examples 98
3.6 Power Generation 100
3.6.1 Internal Combustion (IC) Generator 102
3.6.2 Solar Power Generator 103
3.6.3 Wind Turbine Generator 105
3.6.4 Geothermal Generator 105
3.6.5 Other Generators 106
3.6.6 Selection of Power Source for Mechatronic System 107
3.7 Requirements of Power Supplies and Storages 109
3.7.1 Requirements of Power Supplies 109
3.7.2 Classification of Energy Storage Systems 111
3.7.3 Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) 112
3.7.4 Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) 114
3.7.5 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) 115
3.7.6 Gravity Energy Storage (GES) 115
3.7.7 Electrical Energy Storage (EES) 116
3.7.8 Thermal Energy Storage (TES) 118
3.7.9 Comparison of Different Energy Storages 120
3.8 Selection of Power Supplies 122
3.9 Summary 122 Problems 122 References 123 4 Actuating Systems 127
4.1 Introduction 127
4.2 Functional Requirements (FRs) 129
4.3 Design Variables (DVs) 132
4.4 Basics of Energy Conversion 135
4.4.1 Mechanical Energy Conversion 135
4.4.2 Electromechanical Energy Conversion 140
4.4.3 Thermomechanical Energy Conversion 148
4.4.4 Electro-stimulated Materials 149
4.4.5 Magneto-rheological Fluid Energy Conversion 151
4.4.6 Nano-level Energy Conversion 152
4.5 Main Components 153
4.6 Valve and Electric Actuators 154
4.6.1 Valve Actuators 155
4.6.2 Electric Actuators and Motors 157
4.6.3 Selection of Motors 160
4.7 Summary 161 Problems 161 References 162 5 Sensing Systems 165
5.1 Introduction 165
5.2 Sensors, Actuators, and Transducers 169
5.3 Classifications 170
5.3.1 Types of Quantities to be Measured 170
5.3.2 Requirements Related to Measurement 171
5.3.3 Specifications Related to Measurement 171
5.4 Working Principles 173
5.4.1 Hooke''s Law 173
5.4.2 Ohm''s Law 175
5.4.3 Photoconductivity 176
5.4.4 Hall Effect 177
5.4.5 Faraday''s Law of Induction 178
5.4.6 Curie-Weiss Law 179
5.4.7 Time of Flight (ToF) 181
5.5 Types of Physical Quantities 182
5.5.1 Displacement, Position, and Proximity 182
5.5.2 Velocity 184
5.5.3 Acceleration 186
5.5.4 Force 188
5.5.4.1 Direct Contact Sensors 188
5.5.4.2 Piezoelectric Sensors 189
5.5.4.3 Conventional Force Sensors 190
5.5.5 Pressure 191
5.5.6 Contacts 193
5.5.7 Temperature 195
5.5.8 Chemical Particles 197
5.6 Optical Encoders 199
5.6.1 Resolutions 199
5.6.2 Decoding 202
5.7 Sensors in MEMS 203
5.8 Summary 205 Problems 205 References 207 6 Bridging Physical and Cyber Systems 209
6.1 Introduction 209
6.2 Characteristics of Signals 209
6.2.1 Analog Signals 209
6.2.2 Digital Signals 211
6.3 Conversions of Digital and Analog Signals 212
6.4 Basic Electronic Elements for DSP 213
6.4.1 Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) 213
6.4.2 Comparators 216
6.5 Digitization 217
6.5.1 Sampling 217
6.5.2 Quantizing 220
6.5.3 Sampling and Quantizing in Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) 221
6.6 Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) 225
6.6.1 Integrating ADC 226
6.6.2 Flash Converter 227
6.6.3 Successive Approximation 228
6.7 Holding Process in Sampling 236
6.8 Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC) 237
6.8.1 Weighted Resistor DAC 237
6.8.2 R-2R Ladder DAC 239
6.8.3 Quantization Noise 240
6.9 Summary 241 Problems 241 References 242 7 Signal Conditioning and Processing 245
7.1 Introduction 245
7.2 Basic Concepts in Electronic Circuits 245
7.2.1 Charge, Current, Voltage, and Power 245
7.2.2 Resistor, Capacitor, and Inductor 248
7.2.3 Input Loading and Output Loading 250
7.2.4 Basic Types of Signals 251
7.2.5 Main Parameters of Periodical Signals 254
7.2.6 Amplitude and Phase Changes 254
7.2.7 Wheatstone Bridges 257
7.3 Signal Cleaning 259
7.4 Signal Isolation 260
7.4.1 Optical Isolation by Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 260
7.4.2 Capacitive Isolation by Capacitor 261
7.4.3 Inductive Isolation by Inductor 261
7.5 Signal Transmission 262
7.5.1 Switches 262
7.5.2 Multiplexer 262
7.5.3 Protection from High Voltage and Current 264
7.5.4 Modulation/Demodulation 265
7.6 Signal Conditioning 266
7.6.1 Amplification 266
7.6.2 Attenuation 271
7.6.3 Filtering 271
7.6.4 Linearization 275
7.6.5 Conditioning Digital Signals 275
7.6.6 Signal Clipping 277
7.7 Signal Clamping 277
7.8 Summary 278 Problems 278 References 279 8 System Controls 281
8.1 Basics of Control Systems 281
8.1.1 Complexity of Control Problem 281
8.1.2 Types of Control Problems 283
8.1.3 Architecture of Control Systems 284
8.1.4 Design of Control Systems 285
8.2 Control Theory 286
8.2.1 Open-Loop Control Versus Closed-Loop Control 286
8.
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Growing Complexity of Engineering Designs 1
1.2.1 Products 3
1.2.2 Manufacturing Technologies 5
1.2.3 Business Environments 6
1.2.4 Engineering Design 6
1.3 Integrated Engineering Design 7
1.4 Mechatronics for Multi- or Interdisciplinary Designs 9
1.5 Mechatronic Design Examples 11
1.5.1 Development of Football Robot Team 11
1.5.2 Reusing Robots to Unload Heat Sinks Automatically 12
1.5.3 Rebuilding Rail Test Machine 14
1.5.4 Testing of Electric Hardness 16
1.5.5 Valve Needle Assembly Station 16
1.5.6 Ejecting Engine Fans from Performance Tester 18
1.5.7 Demonstrator of Automated Spacer Removals in Truck Assembly Line 19
1.6 Group Technologies (GTs) for Mechatronic Designs 21
1.7 Mechatronics and Mechatronic Functional Modules (MFMs) 22
1.8 Mechatronic Design Methodologies 24
1.9 Organization of the Book 25
1.10 Summary 26 Problems 28 References 28 2 Mechatronic Designs - Innovations, Theories, and Methods 31
2.1 Innovative Thinking 31
2.2 Theory of Inventive Problem-Solving (TRIZ) as Tactic Methodology 34
2.3 Innovations of Mechatronic Systems 39
2.3.1 Modularization 39
2.3.2 Integrability 41
2.3.3 Coupled Discipline Modeling 42
2.3.4 Concurrent Design 43
2.3.5 Decentralized Controls 45
2.3.6 Event-Driven Automation 46
2.3.7 Adaptability and Re-configurability 46
2.3.8 Predictability 48
2.3.9 System Resilience 49
2.3.10 Continuous Adaptation (CA) 50
2.4 Architecture of Mechatronic Systems 51
2.5 Design of Mechatronic Systems 54
2.6 Mechatronic Design Methodologies 57
2.6.1 System Modeling Language (SysML) 58
2.6.2 Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) 59
2.6.3 Axiomatic Design Theory (ADT) 61
2.6.4 Concurrent Design Optimization (CDO) 63
2.6.5 Virtual Verification and Validation (VVV) 65
2.7 Project-Based Mechatronic Design (PBMD) 65
2.7.1 Existing Assistive Evacuating Technologies 66
2.7.2 Proposed Assistive Evacuation Device 69
2.7.3 Main Functional Requirements from Use Cases 69
2.7.4 Project-Based Mechatronic Designs 72
2.7.4.1 Folding and Unfolding Mechanism 72
2.7.4.2 Reaction Forces on Tracks for Structural Elements 72
2.7.4.3 Motor for Lifting Mechanism 74
2.7.4.4 Control of Evacuation Device 76
2.7.4.5 PBMD in Mechatronic Design 77
2.8 Summary 77 Problems 78 References 81 3 Power Generation, Storage, Supply and Transmission 87
3.1 Introduction 87
3.2 Energy, Work, and Power 87
3.3 Energy Source 90
3.4 Driving Components - Functional Requirements (FRs) 91
3.5 Power Transmission 93
3.5.1 Functional Requirements (FRs) 94
3.5.2 Machine Elements for Power Transmission 95
3.5.3 Types of Machine Elements 95
3.5.4 Procedure in Designing or Selecting Machine Elements 95
3.5.5 Machine Elements in Mechatronic Systems 98
3.5.6 Mechanical Power Transmission Examples 98
3.6 Power Generation 100
3.6.1 Internal Combustion (IC) Generator 102
3.6.2 Solar Power Generator 103
3.6.3 Wind Turbine Generator 105
3.6.4 Geothermal Generator 105
3.6.5 Other Generators 106
3.6.6 Selection of Power Source for Mechatronic System 107
3.7 Requirements of Power Supplies and Storages 109
3.7.1 Requirements of Power Supplies 109
3.7.2 Classification of Energy Storage Systems 111
3.7.3 Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) 112
3.7.4 Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) 114
3.7.5 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) 115
3.7.6 Gravity Energy Storage (GES) 115
3.7.7 Electrical Energy Storage (EES) 116
3.7.8 Thermal Energy Storage (TES) 118
3.7.9 Comparison of Different Energy Storages 120
3.8 Selection of Power Supplies 122
3.9 Summary 122 Problems 122 References 123 4 Actuating Systems 127
4.1 Introduction 127
4.2 Functional Requirements (FRs) 129
4.3 Design Variables (DVs) 132
4.4 Basics of Energy Conversion 135
4.4.1 Mechanical Energy Conversion 135
4.4.2 Electromechanical Energy Conversion 140
4.4.3 Thermomechanical Energy Conversion 148
4.4.4 Electro-stimulated Materials 149
4.4.5 Magneto-rheological Fluid Energy Conversion 151
4.4.6 Nano-level Energy Conversion 152
4.5 Main Components 153
4.6 Valve and Electric Actuators 154
4.6.1 Valve Actuators 155
4.6.2 Electric Actuators and Motors 157
4.6.3 Selection of Motors 160
4.7 Summary 161 Problems 161 References 162 5 Sensing Systems 165
5.1 Introduction 165
5.2 Sensors, Actuators, and Transducers 169
5.3 Classifications 170
5.3.1 Types of Quantities to be Measured 170
5.3.2 Requirements Related to Measurement 171
5.3.3 Specifications Related to Measurement 171
5.4 Working Principles 173
5.4.1 Hooke''s Law 173
5.4.2 Ohm''s Law 175
5.4.3 Photoconductivity 176
5.4.4 Hall Effect 177
5.4.5 Faraday''s Law of Induction 178
5.4.6 Curie-Weiss Law 179
5.4.7 Time of Flight (ToF) 181
5.5 Types of Physical Quantities 182
5.5.1 Displacement, Position, and Proximity 182
5.5.2 Velocity 184
5.5.3 Acceleration 186
5.5.4 Force 188
5.5.4.1 Direct Contact Sensors 188
5.5.4.2 Piezoelectric Sensors 189
5.5.4.3 Conventional Force Sensors 190
5.5.5 Pressure 191
5.5.6 Contacts 193
5.5.7 Temperature 195
5.5.8 Chemical Particles 197
5.6 Optical Encoders 199
5.6.1 Resolutions 199
5.6.2 Decoding 202
5.7 Sensors in MEMS 203
5.8 Summary 205 Problems 205 References 207 6 Bridging Physical and Cyber Systems 209
6.1 Introduction 209
6.2 Characteristics of Signals 209
6.2.1 Analog Signals 209
6.2.2 Digital Signals 211
6.3 Conversions of Digital and Analog Signals 212
6.4 Basic Electronic Elements for DSP 213
6.4.1 Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) 213
6.4.2 Comparators 216
6.5 Digitization 217
6.5.1 Sampling 217
6.5.2 Quantizing 220
6.5.3 Sampling and Quantizing in Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) 221
6.6 Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) 225
6.6.1 Integrating ADC 226
6.6.2 Flash Converter 227
6.6.3 Successive Approximation 228
6.7 Holding Process in Sampling 236
6.8 Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC) 237
6.8.1 Weighted Resistor DAC 237
6.8.2 R-2R Ladder DAC 239
6.8.3 Quantization Noise 240
6.9 Summary 241 Problems 241 References 242 7 Signal Conditioning and Processing 245
7.1 Introduction 245
7.2 Basic Concepts in Electronic Circuits 245
7.2.1 Charge, Current, Voltage, and Power 245
7.2.2 Resistor, Capacitor, and Inductor 248
7.2.3 Input Loading and Output Loading 250
7.2.4 Basic Types of Signals 251
7.2.5 Main Parameters of Periodical Signals 254
7.2.6 Amplitude and Phase Changes 254
7.2.7 Wheatstone Bridges 257
7.3 Signal Cleaning 259
7.4 Signal Isolation 260
7.4.1 Optical Isolation by Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 260
7.4.2 Capacitive Isolation by Capacitor 261
7.4.3 Inductive Isolation by Inductor 261
7.5 Signal Transmission 262
7.5.1 Switches 262
7.5.2 Multiplexer 262
7.5.3 Protection from High Voltage and Current 264
7.5.4 Modulation/Demodulation 265
7.6 Signal Conditioning 266
7.6.1 Amplification 266
7.6.2 Attenuation 271
7.6.3 Filtering 271
7.6.4 Linearization 275
7.6.5 Conditioning Digital Signals 275
7.6.6 Signal Clipping 277
7.7 Signal Clamping 277
7.8 Summary 278 Problems 278 References 279 8 System Controls 281
8.1 Basics of Control Systems 281
8.1.1 Complexity of Control Problem 281
8.1.2 Types of Control Problems 283
8.1.3 Architecture of Control Systems 284
8.1.4 Design of Control Systems 285
8.2 Control Theory 286
8.2.1 Open-Loop Control Versus Closed-Loop Control 286
8.
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