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Preface of George P. Nassos xvii Preface of Nikos Avlonas xxi About the Companion Website xxiii
Part I Introduction to Sustainability and ESG Concepts 1 1 Urgency to Adopt Sustainability 3 Creation of the Environment 4 Exceeding the Ecological Footprint 5 The Limits to Growth 6 Consumption Factor 9 Conservation of Water 10 The Depletion of Fossil Fuels 12 Climate Change 13 Population Growth 15 The Environment''s Big Four 16 References 17 2 Development of the Sustainability Concept 19 Sustainability and the Triple Bottom Line 20 Advent of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 21 Along Came ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) 23 The Sustainable Development Concept Thousands of Years Ago 23 The Next Phase of Sustainability 24 References 24 3 The Importance of ESG Criteria 27 ESG Criteria 28 Environmental Factors 28 Social Factors 29 Governance Factors 29 References 31 4 Legislation Leading to Sustainability 33 United States 33 Clean Air Act (1970) 33 Clean Water Act (1972) 34 Endangered Species Act (1973) 34 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards (1975) 34 Security Exchange Commission (SEC) Requirements 34 International 35 Montreal Protocol (1987) 35 Kyoto Protocol (1997) 35 Paris Agreement (2015) 35 Cop 28 36 Going Forward 36 References 37
Part II Sustainable Strategies 39 5 Imbedding the UN Sustainable Development Goals to Achieve Sustainability 41 UN 2030 Agenda 42 The 17 Sustainable Development Goals 43 A Further Look at the SDGs 48 Emergent Technologies 49 References 50 6 Addressing Climate Change 51 Energy: Wind Turbines (Onshore) 52 Energy: Solar Farms 54 Energy: Nuclear Fission and Fusion 55 Energy: Heat Pumps and Geothermal 56 Materials: Refrigeration 57 Materials: Alternative Cement 58 Food: Reduced Food Waste 58 Food: Plant-Rich Diet 59 Women and Girls: Educating Girls and Family Planning 60 Buildings and Cities: District Heating 61 Buildings and Cities: Insulation 62 Land Use: Tropical Forests 63 Land Use: Temperate Forests 64 Transport: Electric Vehicles 65 Transport: Ships 65 Top 20 Solutions 66 Implement Ucapture 66 Create Carbon Tax 67 Net Zero Versus Absolute Zero 68 Adaptation and Resilience 68 References 69 7 The Natural Step 73 The Four System Conditions for Sustainability 75 System Condition 1--Substances from the Earth''s Crust Must Not Systematically Increase in the Ecosphere 76 System Condition 2--Substances Produced by Society Must Not Systematically Increase in the Ecosphere 76 System Condition 3--The Physical Basis for Productivity and Diversity of Nature Must Not Be Systematically Diminished 77 System Condition 4--There MUST Be Fair and Efficient Use of Resources with Respect to Meeting Human Needs 78 Scientific Rationale for The Natural Step 79 The Natural Step Projects 80 Interface--The First Company to Adopt The Natural Step 80 The challenge 80 The result 80 Nike 81 The challenge 81 The result 82 Max Hamburgers 82 The challenge 82 The result 82 The Circular Economy 83 References 83 8 Eco-Effective versus Eco-Efficient 85 Fuel Efficiency 86 Computing Efficiency 87 More Durable Brake Pads 88 Increase Polymer Recycling 88 Reduced Sewage Effluent 89 More Efficient Clocks 90 Cradle to Cradle 91 Step 1--Get Free of Known Undesirable Substances 91 Step 2--Follow Informed Personal Preferences 91 Step 3--Creating a "Passive-Positive" List 92 Step 4--Activate the Positive List 92 Step 5--Reinvention 93 Eco-Effective Versus Eco-Efficient 93 Do Not Take It To the Extreme 94 References 94 9 Dematerialization--or--Servicizing 97 Sell Illumination 99 Sell a Painted Car 100 Sell Floor Comfort and Aesthetics 100 Sell Water Treatment Services 101 More Servicizing Examples 101 Castrol, Inc. 101 Carrier 102 Herman Miller (Coro) 102 References 102 10 The Evolution of the Sharing Economy 103 Generation Share 105 Collaborative Consumption 105 Class Final Projects 106 Medication Delivery 106 Refill Perfume Shop 106 Luggage 107 Home-improvement Paint 107 Nutrient Services 107 Baby Mattresses 108 Seat-Go-Round 108 Bike Helmets 108 Q Card for Better Transportation 109 References 110 11 Adopting Systems Thinking--or--Tunneling 113 System Elements 114 System Interconnections 114 System Function or Purpose 115 Tunneling Through the Cost Barrier 116 Interface Pipe Design 117 Reducing Oil Imports 119 Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions 119 Illegal Immigration 120 Sailboat Design 121 Systems Thinking in Action 121 Costco Wholesale and Organics 121 Google and Renewable Energy 122 Subaru and Zero Waste 122 References 122 12 Environmental Innovation Through Biomimicry 125 Abalone 126 Spider Silk 127 Bivalves 128 Rhinoceros 129 Fish-inspired Travel 130 Cheetahs 131 Compact and Efficient Structure 132 Ethanol 136 Color from Structure Rather than Pigments 136 Cricket Sounds 138 Bio-inspired LEDs 139 Lessons from Lavasa 139 Owl Wings Inspire Wind Turbine Blade Design 140 Shaving Razors Inspired by Frog and Cricket Legs 141 Additional Technologies Inspired by Biomimicry 142 Mindful Mining: A Proposal 144 Introduction 144 Business as Usual 145 Business Unusual: Proposed Business Model 145 References 146 13 Base of the Pyramid 149 The Great Leap Downward 150 Electrify the Bottom of the Pyramid 153 Hindustan Lever and Nirma 154 BOP Protocol 155 Initiatives by the World Resources Institute 155 Developing the Bottom of the Pyramid 156 IstheBaseofthePyramidaMirage? 158 References 159 14 Environmentally Effective Buildings 161 Net-Zero Energy Buildings 168 LEED Project Certification Process 168 LEED Accredited Professional 169 Living Building Challenge 170 World''s Greenest Building 172 The WELL Building Standard 174 Breeam 175 Passive House 175 Other Building Certifications 176 References 177 15 The Development of the Circular Economy 179 Kalundborg Symbiosis 179 Earlier Model 181 Terracycle Introduces "Loop" 182 Close the Loop 182 Designing for the Circular Economy 183 The Ellen Macarthur Foundation 183 Quantity of Waste for the Circular Economy 185 Personal Note 186 References 187 16 The Circular Economy Through Energy Recovery 189 Understanding Waste Management 189 Waste-to-Energy Systems 191 Incineration 191 Combined Heat and Power (Cogeneration) 192 Combined Heat, Power, and Cooling (Trigeneration) 193 Pyrolysis 194 Gasification 195 Anaerobic Digestion 195 Waste to Sustainable Aviation Fuel 196 The Challenges of Waste-to-Energy Initiatives 196 The Future of Waste-to-Energy Initiatives 197 References 198 17 Building Resilience to Climate Change 199 Introduction 199 Interconnectedness of Climate Risks in a Globalized World 200 Case Study Example
1: The Syrian Drought 200 Case Study Example
2: The 2011 Thai Floods 200 Actionable Insight 201 Large-Scale Climatic Shifts 201 Case Study Example
3: Managing Climate Risks Can Enhance License to Operate 201 Actionable Insight 202 Building Resilience 202 Case Study Example
4: Extractives Sector Partners with Government and Communities to Fight Malaria in Mozambique 203 Link to the Iceberg Model 203 Using the Case Study with the Iceberg Model 203 Actionable Insight 203 The Strategy Development Process 203 Actionable Insight 204 Conclusion 205 References 205 18 Emergent Technologies: Pioneering Sustainable Futures 207 Technological Innovations Driving Sustainable Development 208 Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6) 208 Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7) 209 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9) 210 Case Studies: Successes and Challenges 211 (SDG 1): Mobile Banking in Sub-Saharan Africa 211 (SDG 2): Precision Agriculture Technologies in India 211 SDG
3: Telemedicine in Rural China 212 SDG
11: Sustainable Cities and Communities in Chinese Cities 212 The Impact of Smart City Pilots on Clean Energy Development in Chinese Cities 212 Impact of Digital Transformation on Resource Efficiency (SD12) 213 Technologies and the Circular Economy (SDG 12 & 13) 214 Policy Frameworks and Regulatory Considerations 215 Strengthening Institutions (SDG 16) 215 Governance and Transparency 215 Legal and Regulatory Frameworks 215 Fostering Partnerships (SDG 17) 215 Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration 215 International Cooperation 216 Polic