Hjem

Figures xxiii Tables xxix Examples xxxiii About This Guide xli
Chapter 1: Introduction to OpenGL 1 What Is OpenGL? 2 Your First Look at an OpenGL Program 3 OpenGL Syntax 8 OpenGL''s Rendering Pipeline 10 Our First Program: A Detailed Discussion 14
Chapter 2: Shader Fundamentals 33 Shaders and OpenGL 34 OpenGL''s Programmable Pipeline 35 An Overview of the OpenGL Shading Language 37 Interface Blocks 60 Compiling Shaders 70 Shader Subroutines 76 Separate Shader Objects 81
Chapter 3: Drawing with OpenGL 85 OpenGL Graphics Primitives 86 Data in OpenGL Buffers 92 Vertex Specification 108 OpenGL Drawing Commands 115 Instanced Rendering 128
Chapter 4: Color, Pixels, and Framebuffers 141 Basic Color Theory 142 Buffers and Their Uses 144 Color and OpenGL 148 Multisampling 153 Testing and Operating on Fragments 156 Per-Primitive Antialiasing 178 Framebuffer Objects 180 Writing to Multiple Renderbuffers Simultaneously 193 Reading and Copying Pixel Data 200 Copying Pixel Rectangles 203
Chapter 5: Viewing Transformations, Clipping, and Feedback 205 Viewing 206 User Transformations 212 OpenGL Transformations 236 Transform Feedback 239
Chapter 6: Textures 259 Texture Mapping 261 Basic Texture Types 262 Creating and Initializing Textures 263 Proxy Textures 276 Specifying Texture Data 277 Sampler Objects 292 Using Textures 295 Complex Texture Types 306 Texture Views 321 Compressed Textures 326 Filtering 329 Advanced Texture Lookup Functions 340 Point Sprites 346 Rendering to Texture Maps 351
Chapter Summary 356
Chapter 7: Light and Shadow 359 Lighting Introduction 360 Classic Lighting Model 361 Advanced Lighting Models 384 Shadow Mapping 400
Chapter 8: Procedural Texturing 411 Procedural Texturing 412 Bump Mapping 433 Antialiasing Procedural Textures 442 Noise 460 Further Information 483
Chapter 9: Tessellation Shaders 485 Tessellation Shaders 486 Tessellation Patches 487 Tessellation Control Shaders 488 Tessellation Evaluation Shaders 496 A Tessellation Example: The Teapot 500 Additional Tessellation Techniques 504
Chapter 10: Geometry Shaders 509 Creating a Geometry Shader 510 Geometry Shader Inputs and Outputs 514 Producing Primitives 525 Advanced Transform Feedback 532 Geometry Shader Instancing 549 Multiple Viewports and Layered Rendering 550
Chapter Summary 559
Chapter 11: Memory 563 Using Textures for Generic Data Storage 564 Shader Storage Buffer Objects 576 Atomic Operations and Synchronization 578 Example 609
Chapter 12: Compute Shaders 623 Overview 624 Workgroups and Dispatch 625 Communication and Synchronization 632 Examples 636
Chapter Summary 647 Appendix A: Basics of GLUT: The OpenGL Utility Toolkit 651 Initializing and Creating a Window 652 Accessing Functions 654 Handling Window and Input Events 655 Managing a Background Process 658 Running the Program 658 Appendix B: OpenGL ES and WebGL 659 OpenGL ES 660 WebGL 662 Appendix C: Built-in GLSL Variables and Functions 673 Built-in Variables 674 Built-in Constants 684 Built-in Functions 686 Appendix D: State Variables 737 The Query Commands 738 OpenGL State Variables 745 Appendix E: Homogeneous Coordinates and Transformation Matrices 829 Homogeneous Coordinates 830 Transformation Matrices 831 Appendix F: OpenGL and Window Systems 835 Accessing New OpenGL Functions 836 GLX: OpenGL Extension for the X Window System 838 WGL: OpenGL Extensions for Microsoft Windows 845 OpenGL in MacOSX: The Core OpenGL (CGL) API and the NSOpenGL Mac OS X''s Core OpenGL Library
. 851 The NSOpenGL Classes 854 Appendix G: Floating-Point Formats for Textures, Framebuffers, and Renderbuffers 857 Reduced-Precision Floating-Point Values 858 16-bit Floating-Point Values 858 10- and 11-bit Unsigned Floating-Point Values 860 Appendix H: Debugging and Profiling OpenGL 865 Creating a Debug Context 866 Debug Output 868 Debug Groups 875 Profiling 879 Appendix I: Buffer Object Layouts 885 Using Standard Layout Qualifiers 886 The std140 Layout Rules. 886 The std430 Layout Rules 887 Glossary 889 Index 919