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Preface xvii The Book Theme xix About the Author xxi What Do You Get Out of This Book? xxiii Who Should Read This Book? xxv Notes for Instructors xxvii Acknowledgment xxix About the Companion Website xxxi 1 Introducing Aspen Plus 1
1.1 What Does Aspen Stand For? 1
1.2 What is Aspen Plus Process Simulation Model? 2
1.3 Launching Aspen Plus V8.8 3
1.4 Beginning a Simulation 4
1.5 Entering Components 14
1.6 Specifying the Property Method 15
1.7 Improvement of the Property Method Accuracy 23
1.8 File Saving 38 Exercise
1.1 40
1.9 A Good Flowsheeting Practice 40
1.10 Aspen Plus Built-In Help 40
1.11 For More Information 40 Homework/Classwork
1.1 ( Pxy ) 41 Homework/Classwork
1.2 (Î? Gmix ) 42 Homework/Classwork
1.3 (Likes Dissolve Likes) as Envisaged by NRTL Property Method 42 Homework/Classwork
1.4 (The Mixing Rule) 44 2 More on Aspen Plus Flowsheet Features (1) 49
2.1 Problem Description 49
2.2 Entering and Naming Compounds 49
2.3 Binary Interactions 51
2.4 The "Simulation" Environment: Activation Dashboard 53
2.5 Placing a Block and Material Stream from Model Palette 53
2.6 Block and Stream Manipulation 54
2.7 Data Input, Project Title, and Report Options 56
2.8 Running the Simulation 58
2.9 The Difference Among Recommended Property Methods 61
2.10 NIST/TDE Experimental Data 62 Homework/Classwork
2.1 (Water-Alcohol System) 65 Homework/Classwork
2.2 (Water-Acetone-EIPK System with NIST/DTE Data) 66 Homework/Classwork
2.3 (Water-Acetone-EIPK System Without NIST/DTE Data) 69 3 More on Aspen Plus Flowsheet Features (2) 71
3.1 Problem Description: Continuation to the Problem in
Chapter 2 71
3.2 The Clean Parameters Step 71
3.3 Simulation Results Convergence 74
3.4 Adding Stream Table 76
3.5 Property Sets 78
3.6 Adding Stream Conditions 82
3.7 Printing from Aspen Plus 83
3.8 Viewing the Input Summary 84
3.9 Report Generation 85
3.10 Stream Properties 87
3.11 Adding a Flash Separation Unit 88
3.12 The Required Input for "Flash3"-Type Separator 90
3.13 Running the Simulation and Checking the Results 91 Homework/Classwork
3.1 (Output of Input Data and Results) 92 Homework/Classwork
3.2 (Output of Input Data and Results) 93 Homework/Classwork
3.3 (Output of Input Data and Results) 93 Homework/Classwork
3.4 (The Partition Coefficient of a Solute) 93 4 Flash Separation and Distillation Columns 99
4.1 Problem Description 99
4.2 Adding a Second Mixer and Flash 99
4.3 Design Specifications Study 101 Exercise
4.1 (Design Spec) 105
4.4 Aspen Plus Distillation Column Options 106
4.5 "DSTWU" Distillation Column 107
4.6 "Distl" Distillation Column 111
4.7 "RadFrac" Distillation Column 113 Homework/Classwork
4.1 (Water-Alcohol System) 120 Homework/Classwork
4.2 (Water-Acetone-EIPK System with NIST/DTE Data) 125 Homework/Classwork
4.3 (Water-Acetone-EIPK System Without NIST/DTE Data) 127 Homework/Classwork
4.4 (Scrubber) 128 5 Liquid-Liquid Extraction Process 131
5.1 Problem Description 131
5.2 The Proper Selection for Property Method for Extraction Processes 131
5.3 Defining New Property Sets 136
5.4 The Property Method Validation Versus Experimental Data Using Sensitivity Analysis 136
5.5 A Multistage Extraction Column 142
5.6 The Triangle Diagram 146 References 149 Homework/Classwork
5.1 (Separation of MEK from Octanol) 149 Homework/Classwork
5.2 (Separation of MEK from Water Using Octane) 150 Homework/Classwork
5.3 (Separation of Acetic Acid from Water Using Isopropyl Butyl Ether) 151 Homework/Classwork
5.4 (Separation of Acetone from Water Using Trichloroethane) 151 Homework/Classwork
5.5 (Separation of Propionic Acid from Water Using MEK) 152 6 Reactors with Simple Reaction Kinetic Forms 155
6.1 Problem Description 155
6.2 Defining Reaction Rate Constant to Aspen Plus ® Environment 155
6.3 Entering Components and Method of Property 157
6.4 The Rigorous Plug-Flow Reactor (RPLUG) 159
6.5 Reactor and Reaction Specifications for RPLUG (PFR) 161
6.6 Running the Simulation (PFR Only) 167 Exercise
6.1 167
6.7 Compressor (CMPRSSR) and RadFrac Rectifying Column (RECTIF) 168
6.8 Running the Simulation (PFR + CMPRSSR + RECTIF) 171 Exercise
6.2 172
6.9 RadFrac Distillation Column (DSTL) 172
6.10 Running the Simulation (PFR + CMPRSSR + RECTIF + DSTL) 174
6.11 Reactor and Reaction Specifications for RCSTR 175
6.12 Running the Simulation (PFR + CMPRSSR + RECTIF + DSTL + RCSTR) 179 Exercise
6.3 180
6.13 Sensitivity Analysis: The Reactor''s Optimum Operating Conditions 181 References 188 Homework/Classwork
6.1 (Hydrogen Peroxide Shelf-Life) 189 Homework/Classwork
6.2 (Esterification Process) 192 Homework/Classwork
6.3 (Liquid-Phase Isomerization of n -Butane) 194 7 Reactors with Complex (Non-Conventional) Reaction Kinetic Forms 197
7.1 Problem Description 197
7.2 Non-Conventional Kinetics: LHHW Type Reaction 199
7.3 General Expressions for Specifying LHHW Type Reaction in Aspen Plus 200
7.3.1 The "Driving Force" for the Non-Reversible (Irreversible) Case 201
7.3.2 The "Driving Force" for the Reversible Case 201
7.3.3 The "Adsorption Expression" 202
7.4 The Property Method: "SRK" 202
7.5 Rplug Flowsheet for Methanol Production 203
7.6 Entering Input Parameters 203
7.7 Defining Methanol Production Reactions as LHHW Type 205
7.8 Sensitivity Analysis: Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Selectivity 216 References 219 Homework/Classwork
7.1 (Gas-Phase Oxidation of Chloroform) 220 Homework/Classwork
7.2 (Formation of Styrene from Ethylbenzene) 222 Homework/Classwork
7.3 (Combustion of Methane Over Steam-Aged Pt-Pd Catalyst) 225 8 Pressure Drop Friction Factor ANPSH and Cavitation 229
8.1 Problem Description 229
8.2 The Property Method: "STEAMNBS" 229
8.3 A Water Pumping Flowsheet 230
8.4 Entering Pipe, Pump, and Fittings Specifications 231
8.5 Results: Frictional Pressure Drop, the Pump Work, Valve Choking, and ANPSH Versus RNPSH 237 Exercise
8.1 238
8.6 Model Analysis Tools: Sensitivity for the Onset of Cavitation or Valve Choking Condition 242 References 247 Homework/Classwork
8.1 (Pentane Transport) 247 Homework/Classwork
8.2 (Glycerol Transport) 248 Homework/Classwork
8.3 (Air Compression) 249 9 The Optimization Tool 251
9.1 Problem Description: Defining the Objective Function 251
9.2 The Property Method: "STEAMNBS" 252
9.3 A Flowsheet for Water Transport 253
9.4 Entering Stream, Pump, and Pipe Specifications 253
9.5 Model Analysis Tools: The Optimization Tool 256
9.6 Model Analysis Tools: The Sensitivity Tool 260
9.7 Last Comments 263 References 264 Homework/Classwork
9.1 (Swamee-Jain Equation) 264 Homework/Classwork
9.2 (A Simplified Pipe Diameter Optimization) 264 Homework/Classwork
9.3 (The Optimum Diameter for a Viscous Flow) 265 Homework/Classwork
9.4 (The Selectivity of Parallel Reactions) 266 10 Heat Exchanger (H.E.) Design 269
10.1 Problem Description 269
10.2 Types of Heat Exchanger Models in Aspen Plus 270
10.3 The Simple Heat Exchanger Model ("Heater") 272
10.4 The Rigorous Heat Exchanger Model ("HeatX") 274
10.5 The Rigorous Exchanger Design and Rating (EDR) Procedure 279
10.5.1 The EDR Exchanger Feasibility Panel 279
10.5.2 The Rigorous Mode Within the "HeatX" Block 294
10.6 General Footnotes on EDR Exchanger 294 References 297 Homework/Classwork
10.1 (Heat Exchanger with Phase Change) 297 Homework/Classwork
10.2 (High Heat Duty Heat Exchanger) 298 Homework/Classwork
10.3 (Design Spec Heat Exchanger) 299 11 Electrolytes 301
11.1 Problem Description: Water De-Souring 301
11.2 What Is an Electrolyte? 301
11.3 The Property Method for Electrolytes 302
11.4 The Electrolyte Wizard 302
11.5 Water De-Souring Process Flowsheet 310
11.6 Entering the Specifications of Feed Streams and the Stripper 311 References 315 Homework/Classwork
11.1 (An Acidic Sludge Neutralization) 316 Homework/Classwork
11.2 (CO2 Removal from Natural Gas) 317 Homework/Classwork
11.3 (pH of Aqueous Solutions of Salts) 321 Appendix
11.A Development of "ELECNRTL" Model 324 12 Polymerization Processes 325
12.1 The Theoretical Background 325
12.1.1 Polymerization Reactions 325
12.1.2 Catalyst Types 326
12.1.3 Ethylene Process Types 327
12.1.4 Reaction Kinetic Scheme 327
12.1.5 Reaction Steps 327
12.1.6 Catalyst States 328
12.2 High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) High-Temperature Solution Process 329
12.2.1 Problem Definition 330
12.2.2 Process Conditions 330
12.3 Creating Aspen Plus Flowsheet for HDPE 331
12.4 Improving Convergence 338
12.5 Presenting the Property Distribution of Polymer 339 References 343 Homework/Classwork
12.1 (Maximizing the Degree of HDPE Polymerization) 344 Homework/Classwork
12.2 (Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN) Polymerization) 345 Appendix
12.A The Main Fe