Hjem

1. Real-Time Modeling Of Power Networks.-
1.1 Security Concepts.-
1.2 Network Model Builder.-
1.3 Conventional State Estimation.-
1.4 Economy-Security Control.-
1.5 Generalized State Estimation.-
1.6 Historical Notes and References.- References.-
2. Least-Squares And Minimum Norm Problems.-
2.1 Introduction.-
2.2 Linear Least-Squares Problem.-
2.3 Linear Minimum-Norm Problem.-
2.4 Observability and Controllability.-
2.5 Geometric Interpretation.-
2.6 Overdetermined Nonlinear Models.-
2.7 Historical Notes and References.-
2.8 Problems.- References.-
3. DC State Estimator.-
3.1 Overview of the DC State Estimator.-
3.2 State Variables.-
3.3 Measurement Model.-
3.4 Solving the Normal Equation.-
3.5 Phase-Shift Estimation.-
3.6 Parameter Estimation.-
3.7 Physical Level Modeling.-
3.8 Historical Notes and References.-
3.9 Problems.- References.-
4. Power Flow Equations.-
4.1 Network Branch Model.-
4.2 Active and Reactive Power Flows.-
4.3 Nodal Formulation of the Network Equations.-
4.4 Basic Power Flow Problem.-
4.5 Newton Raphson Method.-
4.6 P?-QV Decoupling.-
4.7 Linearization.-
4.8 Matrix Formulation.-
4.9 DC Power Flow Model.-
4.10 Historical Notes and References.-
4.11 Problems.- References.-
5. Network Reduction And Gauss Elimination.-
5.1 Bus Admittance Matrix.-
5.2 Network Reduction and Expansion.-
5.3 LDU Decomposition.-
5.4 Using LDU Factors to Solve Linear Systems.-
5.5 Path Finding.-
5.6 Pivot Ordering to Preserve Sparsity.-
5.7 MDML and MLMD Ordering Schemes.-
5.8 Blocked Formulation of Newton Power Flow.-
5.9 Gain Matrix.-
5.10 Factorization of Rectangular Matrices.-
5.11 Matrix Inversion Lemma.-
5.12 Historical Notes and References.-
5.13 Problems.- References.-
6. Network Topology Processing.-
6.1 Conventional Topology Processing.-
6.2 Generalized TopologyProcessing.-
6.3 Network Reduction.-
6.4 Historical Notes and References.-
6.5 Problems.- References.-
7. Observability Analysis.-
7.1 Bus/Branch Network Model.-
7.2 Bus-Section/Switching-Device Network Model.-
7.3 Measurement Addition to Improve Observability.-
7.4 Historical Notes and References.-
7.5 Problems.- References.-
8. Basic Techniques for Bad Data Processing.-
8.1 Review of the DC State Estimator.-
8.2 Covariance Matrices.-
8.3 Normalized Residuals.-
8.4 Hypotheses Testing.-
8.5 Historical Notes and References.-
8.6 Problems.- References.-
9. Multiple Bad Data Processing Techniques.-
9.1 Estimation Residuals.-
9.2 Multiple Normalized Residuals.-
9.3 Hypotheses Testing.-
9.4 Testing Equality Constraint Hypotheses.-
9.5 Strategies for Processing Interacting Bad Data.-
9.6 Robust Estimators.-
9.7 Historical Notes and References.-
9.8 Problems.- References.-
10. AC State Estimator.-
10.1 Review of the Problem Formulation.-
10.2 Flow Measurements.-
10.3 Bus Injection Measurement.-
10.4 Historical Notes and References.-
10.5 Problems.- References.-
11. Estimation Based on Multiple Scans of Measurements.-
11.1 State Estimation.-
11.2 Parameter Estimation.-
11.3 Historical Notes and References.-
11.4 Problems.- References.-
12. Fast Decoupled State Estimator.-
12.1 Decoupled Solution of Linear System of Equations.-
12.2 Fast Decoupled Power Flow.-
12.3 Decoupled Solution of Overdetermined Systems.-
12.4 Fast Decoupled State Estimator.-
12.5 Historical Notes and References.-
12.6 Problems.- References.-
13. Numerically Robust State Estimators.-
13.1 Normal Equation.-
13.2 Sparse Tableau Formulation.-
13.3 Peters Wilkinson Method.-
13.4 Blocked Sparse Tableau.-
13.5 Mixed Pivoting for Indefinite Matrices.-
13.6 Orthogonal Transformation Approach.-
13.7 Historical Notes and References.-
13.8 Problems.- References.- Appendices.- A-Statistical Properties of Estimated Quantities.- A.1 Distribution of State Estimate.- A.2 Rank of Weighted Sensitivity Matrix.- A.2.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.- A.2.2 Weighted Sensitivity Matrix.- A.2.3 Trace of Covariance Matrix of Measurement Estimates.- A.2.4 Diagonalization of the Weighted Sensitivity Matrix.- A.3.2 Orthogonal Transformation.- A.3.3 Covariance Matrix of Transformed Residuals.- A.4 Testing Equality Constraint Hypotheses.- A.5 Historical Notes and References.- References.- B-Givens Rotation.- B.1 Orthogonal Matrices.- B.1.1 2x2 Orthogonal Matrices.- B.1.2 Rotations and Reflections.- B.2 Givens Rotations.- B.2.1 Standard Givens Rotations.- B.2.2 Fast Givens Rotations.- B.2.3 Triangular Factorization.- B.2.4 The 2-multiplication Algorithm.- B.3 Historical Notes and References.- References.