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Introduction xxxi
Part I General Network Design
Chapter 1 Network Design Methodology 5 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 5 Foundation Topics 8 Cisco Architectures for the Enterprise 8 Borderless Networks Architecture 9 Collaboration Architecture 9 Data Center/Virtualization Architecture 10 Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, and Optimize Phases 11 Prepare Phase 13 Plan Phase 14 Design Phase 14 Implement Phase 14 Operate Phase 14 Optimize Phase 14 Summary of PPDIOO Phases 14 Design Methodology Under PPDIOO 15 Identifying Customer Design Requirements 15 Characterizing the Existing Network 17 Steps in Gathering Information 17 Network Audit Tools 18 Network Analysis Tools 22 Network Checklist 22 Designing the Network Topology and Solutions 23 Top-Down Approach 23 Pilot and Prototype Tests 24 Design Document 25 References and Recommended Reading 26 Exam Preparation Tasks 27 Review All Key Topics 27 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 27 Define Key Terms 27 Q&A 28
Chapter 2 Network Structure Models 37 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 37 Foundation Topics 40 Hierarchical Network Models 40 Benefits of the Hierarchical Model 40 Hierarchical Network Design 41 Core Layer 41 Distribution Layer 42 Access Layer 43 Hierarchical Model Examples 45 Cisco Enterprise Architecture Model 47 Enterprise Campus Module 48 Enterprise Edge Area 50 E-Commerce Module 50 Internet Connectivity Module 51 VPN/Remote Access 52 Enterprise WAN 53 Service Provider Edge Module 54 Remote Modules 55 Enterprise Branch Module 56 Enterprise Data Center Module 56 Enterprise Teleworker Module 56 Borderless Network Services 58 High Availability Network Services 58 Workstation-to-Router Redundancy and LAN High Availability Protocols 59 ARP 59 Explicit Configuration 59 RDP 59 RIP 59 HSRP 60 VRRP 61 GLBP 61 Server Redundancy 61 Route Redundancy 62 Load Balancing 62 Increasing Availability 62 Link Media Redundancy 64 References and Recommended Reading 65 Exam Preparation Tasks 66 Review All Key Topics 66 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 66 Define Key Terms 66 Q&A 66
Part II LAN and WAN Design
Chapter 3 Enterprise LAN Design 79 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 79 Foundation Topics 82 LAN Media 82 Ethernet Design Rules 83 100-Mbps Fast Ethernet Design Rules 84 Gigabit Ethernet Design Rules 86 1000BASE-LX Long-Wavelength Gigabit Ethernet 86 1000BASE-SX Short-Wavelength Gigabit Ethernet 87 1000BASE-CX Gigabit Ethernet over Coaxial Cable 87 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet over UTP 87 10 Gigabit Ethernet Design Rules 88 10GE Media Types 88 EtherChannel 89 Comparison of Campus Media 89 LAN Hardware 89 Repeaters 90 Hubs 90 Bridges 91 Switches 91 Routers 92 Layer 3 Switches 93 Campus LAN Design and Best Practices 94 Best Practices for Hierarchical Layers 95 Access Layer Best Practices 96 Distribution Layer Best Practices 96 Core Layer Best Practices 98 Large-Building LANs 101 Enterprise Campus LANs 102 Edge Distribution 103 Medium-Size LANs 103 Small and Remote Site LANs 103 Server Farm Module 104 Server Connectivity Options 105 Enterprise Data Center Infrastructure 105 Campus LAN QoS Considerations 106 Multicast Traffic Considerations 108 CGMP 108 IGMP Snooping 109 References and Recommended Readings 109 Exam Preparation Tasks 110 Review All Key Topics 110 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 110 Define Key Terms 110 Q&A 110
Chapter 4 Data Center Design 121 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 121 Foundation Topics 124 Enterprise DC Architectures 124 Data Center
3.0 Components 125 Data Center
3.0 Topology Components 127 Challenges in the DC 127 Data Center Facility Aspects 128 Data Center Space 130 Data Center Power 131 Data Center Cooling 132 Data Center Heat 133 Data Center Cabling 133 Enterprise DC Infrastructure 135 Defining the DC Access Layer 136 Defining the DC Aggregation Layer 138 Defining the DC Core Layer 139 Virtualization Overview 141 Challenges 141 Defining Virtualization and Benefits 141 Types of Virtualization 142 Virtualization Technologies 143 VSS 143 VRF 143 vPC 143 Device Contexts 144 Server Virtualization 144 Network Virtualization Design Considerations 144 Access Control 145 Path Isolation 145 Services Edge 145 References and Recommended Readings 145 Exam Preparation Tasks 147 Review All Key Topics 147 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 148 Define Key Terms 148 Q&A 148
Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Design 153 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 153 Foundation Topics 155 Wireless LAN Technologies 155 WLAN Standards 155 ISM and UNII Frequencies 156 Summary of WLAN Standards 157 Service Set Identifier 157 WLAN Layer 2 Access Method 157 WLAN Security 157 Unauthorized Access 158 WLAN Security Design Approach 158 IEEE
802.1X-2001 Port-Based Authentication 159 Dynamic WEP Keys and LEAP 159 Controlling WLAN Access to Servers 159 Cisco Unified Wireless Network 160 Cisco UWN Architecture 160 LWAPP 162 CAPWAP 163 Cisco Unified Wireless Network Split-MAC Architecture 163 Local MAC 164 AP Modes 164 LWAPP Discovery of WLC 166 WLAN Authentication 167 Authentication Options 168 WLAN Controller Components 169 WLC Interface Types 169 AP Controller Equipment Scaling 171 Roaming and Mobility Groups 173 Intracontroller Roaming 173 Layer 2 Intercontroller Roaming 173 Layer 3 Intercontroller Roaming 174 Mobility Groups 174 WLAN Design 176 Controller Redundancy Design: Deterministic vs. Dynamic 176 N+1 WLC Redundancy 176 N+N WLC Redundancy 177 N+N+1 WLC Redundancy 177 Radio Management and Radio Groups 178 RF Groups 179 RF Site Survey 179 Using EoIP Tunnels for Guest Services 181 Wireless Mesh for Outdoor Wireless 181 Mesh Design Recommendations 182 Campus Design Considerations 183 Branch Design Considerations 184 Local MAC 184 REAP 184 Hybrid REAP 184 Branch Office Controller Options 185 References and Recommended Readings 186 Exam Preparation Tasks 187 Review All Key Topics 187 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 187 Define Key Terms 187 Q&A 188
Chapter 6 WAN Technologies 199 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 199 Foundation Topics 202 WAN Overview 202 WAN Defined 202 WAN Connection Modules 203 WAN Transport Technologies 204 ISDN 205 ISDN BRI Service 205 ISDN PRI Service 205 Digital Subscriber Line 206 Cable 206 Wireless 207 Frame Relay 208 Time-Division Multiplexing 209 Metro Ethernet 209 SONET/SDH 209 Multiprotocol Label Switching 211 Dark Fiber 211 Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing 212 Ordering WAN Technology and Contracts 212 WAN Design Methodology 213 Response Time 214 Throughput 214 Reliability 215 Bandwidth Considerations 215 WAN Link Categories 216 Optimizing Bandwidth Using QoS 217 Queuing, Traffic Shaping, and Policing 217 Classification 218 Congestion Management 218 Priority Queuing 218 Custom Queuing 218 Weighted Fair Queuing 218 Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing 218 Low-Latency Queuing 219 Traffic Shaping and Policing 219 Link Efficiency 220 Window Size 220 References and Recommended Readings 220 Exam Preparation Tasks 221 Review All Key Topics 221 Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 221 Define Key Terms 221 Q&A 222
Chapter 7 WAN Design 227 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 227 Foundation Topics 230 Traditional WAN Technologies 230 Hub-and-Spoke Topology 230 Full-Mesh Topology 231 Partial-Mesh Topology 231 Remote-Access Network Design 232 VPN Network Design 232 Enterprise VPN vs. Service Provider VPN 233 Enterprise VPNs 234 Service Provider Offerings 234 Enterprise Managed VPN: IPsec 234 IPsec Direct Encapsulation 234 Cisco Easy VPN 235 Generic Routing Encapsulation 236 IPsec DMVPN 236 IPsec Virtual Tunnel Interface Design 237 Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 237 Service Provider Managed Offerings 237 Metro Ethernet 237 Virtual Private LAN Services 238 MPLS 238 MPLS Layer 3 Design Overview 239 VPN Benefits 239 WAN Backup Design 240 Load-Balancing Guidelines 240 WAN Backup over the Internet 241 Enterprise WAN Architecture 241 Cisco Enterprise MAN/WAN 243 Enterprise WAN/MAN Architecture Comparison 2