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Introduction xix
Chapter 1 RF Signals and Modulation 3 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 3 Foundation Topics 7 Comparing Wired and Wireless Networks 7 Understanding Basic Wireless Theory 8 Understanding Frequency 10 Understanding Phase 14 Measuring Wavelength 14 Understanding RF Power and dB 15 Important dB Facts to Remember 17 Comparing Power Against a Reference: dBm 19 Measuring Power Changes Along the Signal Path 20 Understanding Power Levels at the Receiver 23 Carrying Data Over an RF Signal 24 FHSS 26 DSSS 27 1-Mbps Data Rate 28 2-Mbps Data Rate 29
5.5-Mbps Data Rate 30 11-Mbps Data Rate 30 OFDM 31 Modulation Summary 32 Exam Preparation Tasks 34 Review All Key Topics 34 Key Terms 34
Chapter 2 RF Standards 37 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 37 Foundation Topics 41 Regulatory Bodies 41 ITU-R 41 FCC 42 ETSI 44 Other Regulatory Bodies 45 IEEE Standards Body 45
802.11 Channel Use 47 Channels in the
2.4-GHz ISM Band 47 Channels in the 5-GHz U-NII Bands 49 IEEE
802.11 Standards 51
802.11-1997 52
802.11b 52
802.11g 52
802.11a 54
802.11n 55 Channel Aggregation 57 Spatial Multiplexing 58 MAC Layer Efficiency 59 Transmit Beam Forming (T×BF) 60 Maximal-Ratio Combining 61
802.11n Modulation and Coding Schemes 61 Beyond
802.11n 62 Wi-Fi Alliance 63 Exam Preparation Tasks 64 Review All Key Topics 64 Define Key Terms 64
Chapter 3 RF Signals in the Real World 67 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 67 Foundation Topics 70 Interference 70 Co-Channel Interference 70 Neighboring Channel Interference 71 Non-802.11 Interference 72 Free Space Path Loss 72 Mitigating the Effects of Free Space Path Loss 74 Effects of Physical Objects 76 Reflection 76 Absorption 78 Scattering 78 Refraction 79 Diffraction 80 Fresnel Zones 80 Exam Preparation Tasks 83 Review All Key Topics 83 Define Key Terms 83
Chapter 4 Understanding Antennas 85 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 85 Foundation Topics 88 Antenna Characteristics 88 Radiation Patterns 88 Gain 91 Beamwidth 92 Polarization 92 Antenna Types 93 Omnidirectional Antennas 94 Directional Antennas 97 Antenna Summary 101 Adding Antenna Accessories 101 Exam Preparation Tasks 103 Review All Key Topics 103 Define Key Terms 103
Chapter 5 Wireless LAN Topologies 105 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 105 Foundation Topics 108 Types of Wireless Networks 108 Wireless LAN Topologies 109 Basic Service Set 110 Distribution System 112 Extended Service Set 114 Independent Basic Service Set 115 Other Wireless Topologies 116 Repeater 116 Workgroup Bridge 117 Outdoor Bridge 118 Mesh Network 119 Exam Preparation Tasks 120 Review All Key Topics 120 Define Key Terms 120
Chapter 6 Understanding
802.11 Frame Types 123 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 123
802.11 Frame Format 126
802.11 Frame Addressing 128 Accessing the Wireless Medium 130 Carrier Sense 131 Collision Avoidance 132
802.11 Frame Types 134 Management Frames 134 Control Frames 135 Data Frames 136 Client Housekeeping 136 A Client Scans for APs 137 A Client Joins a BSS 138 A Client Leaves a BSS 139 A Client Moves Between BSSs 140 A Client Saves Power 142 Exam Preparation Tasks 145 Review All Key Topics 145 Define Key Terms 145
Chapter 7 Planning Coverage with Wireless APs 147 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 147 AP Cell Size 150 Tuning Cell Size with Transmit Power 150 Tuning Cell Size with Data Rates 152 Adding APs to an ESS 153 The Roaming Process 155 WLAN Channel Layout 157 Exam Preparation Tasks 161 Review All Key Topics 161 Define Key Terms 161
Chapter 8 Using Autonomous APs 163 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 163 Foundation Topics 166 Autonomous Architecture 166 Configuring an Autonomous AP 167 Connecting the AP 167 Configuring the AP 170 Converting an Autonomous AP 174 Using the Autonomous to Lightweight Mode Upgrade Tool 174 Converting an Autonomous AP Manually 176 Exam Preparation Tasks 178 Review All Key Topics 178 Define Key Terms 178
Chapter 9 Understanding the CUWN Architecture 181 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 181 Foundation Topics 184 A Distributed Architecture 184 A Centralized Architecture 186 Split-MAC Architecture 188 Traffic Patterns in a CUWN 190 CUWN Building Blocks 192 Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers 192 Cisco Lightweight APs 194 CUWN Management 197 Exam Preparation Tasks 198 Review All Key Topics 198
Chapter 10 Initial Controller Configuration 201 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 201 Foundation Topics 204 Connecting the Controller 204 Using Controller Ports 204 Using Controller Interfaces 206 Running the Initial Setup Wizard 208 Initial Setup with the Web Interface 208 Initial Setup with the CLI 216 Exam Preparation Tasks 218 Review All Key Topics 218 Define Key Terms 218
Chapter 11 Understanding Controller Discovery 221 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 221 Foundation Topics 224 Discovering a Controller 224 AP States 224 Discovering a WLC 226 Selecting a WLC 227 Designing High Availability 228 Detecting a Controller Failure 230 Building Redundancy 231 N+1 Redundancy 231 N+N Redundancy 232 N+N+1 Redundancy 232 AP SSO Redundancy 233 Exam Preparation Tasks 235 Review All Key Topics 235 Define Key Terms 236
Chapter 12 Understanding Roaming 239 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 239 Foundation Topics 242 Roaming with Autonomous APs 242 Intracontroller Roaming 244 Intercontroller Roaming 246 Layer 2 Roaming 247 Layer 3 Roaming 248 Using Mobility Groups 252 Exam Preparation Tasks 256 Review All Key Topics 256 Define Key Terms 256
Chapter 13 Understanding RRM 259 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 259 Foundation Topics 262 Configuring
802.11 Support 262 Configuring Data Rates 263 Configuring
802.11n Support 264 Understanding RRM 265 RF Groups 267 TPC 269 DCA 272 Coverage Hole Detection 274 Manual RF Configuration 276 Verifying RRM Results 278 Exam Preparation Tasks 279 Review All Key Topics 279 Define Key Terms 279
Chapter 14 Wireless Security Fundamentals 281 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 282 Foundation Topics 285 Anatomy of a Secure Connection 285 Authentication 286 Message Privacy 287 Message Integrity 288 Intrusion Protection 289 Wireless Client Authentication Methods 290 Open Authentication 290 WEP 291
802.1x/EAP 292 LEAP 294 EAP-FAST 294 PEAP 294 EAP-TLS 295 Wireless Privacy and Integrity Methods 295 TKIP 295 CCMP 296 WPA and WPA2 297 Securing Management Frames with MFP 298 Configuring Wireless Security 298 Configuring WPA or WPA2 Personal 299 Configuring WPA2 Enterprise Mode 300 Configuring WPA2 Enterprise with Local EAP 302 Exam Preparation Tasks 305 Review All Key Topics 305 Define Key Terms 305
Chapter 15 Configuring a WLAN 307 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 307 Foundation Topics 309 WLAN Overview 309 Configuring a WLAN 310 Configuring a RADIUS Server 310 Creating a Dynamic Interface 312 Creating a New WLAN 313 Configuring WLAN Security 315 Configuring WLAN QoS 317 Configuring Advanced WLAN Settings 318 Finalizing WLAN Configuration 319 Exam Preparation Tasks 320 Review All Key Topics 320
Chapter 16 Implementing a Wireless Guest Network 323 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 323 Foundation Topics 325 Guest Network Overview 325 Configuring a Guest Network 326 Scaling the Guest Network 329 Exam Preparation Tasks 332 Review All Key Topics 332 Define Key Terms 332
Chapter 17 Understanding Wireless Clients 335 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 335 Foundation Topics 338 Configuring Common Wireless Clients 338 Windows 7 and 8 338 Intel PROSet 341 Android 345 Apple OS X 346 Cisco AnyConnect 348 Cisco Compatible Extensions 352 Exam Preparation Tasks 356 Review All Key Topics 356 Define Key Terms 356
Chapter 18 Managing Wireless Networks with WCS 359 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 359 Foundation Topics 362 WCS Overview 362 Alarm Summary Dashboard 364 Main Navigation Area 366 WCS Home Area 366